{ "meta": { "version": "2026-Q2", "quarter": "2026-Q2", "generated": "2026-04-25", "city_count": 46, "rated_count": 46, "housing_method": "Hours-for-rent uses 1BR outside-of-city-center rent (Numbeo). City-center rent shown only as secondary reference. This reflects realistic housing for gig workers, who do not typically live in city centers.", "verification_status": "Round I 2026-04-29 in progress. Bucket A verification pass complete (8 cities reviewed): Toronto and Vancouver promoted from MEDIUM to HIGH using tier-1 Canadian provincial government sources (Ontario DPWRA + ESA, BC Employment Standards Regulation Part 4 Section 18.2). Madrid, Sydney, Melbourne, Amsterdam, Stockholm, Copenhagen stay MEDIUM with verified tier-1 or tier-2 sources and cleaned-up rationales. Bucket B (10 mid-strength cities) and Bucket C (20 blend-source cities) remain to be verified in subsequent rounds. Wording softened across all 23 previously-DEMOTED rationales to plain neutral language. Current state: {'high': 10, 'medium': 31, 'low': 5}. Total cities: 46.", "source_completeness": "46/46 cities have a non-blocklisted earnings source URL. All 46 cities have populated URLs for earnings, min_wage, median_wage, and Numbeo cost data. Live-verification (URL fetched and archived) status is tracked per-city via sources.urls_verified.", "confidence_distribution": { "high": 10, "medium": 31, "low": 5 }, "verification_methodology": "HIGH confidence requires: (a) primary source URL on a recognized tier-1 (government mandate, .gov / .gov.uk / .gov.au / etc) or tier-2 (Fairwork country report, large government wage survey, named union agreement) domain, (b) urls_verified=true with verification date, (c) Wayback Machine archive URL captured on or near the verification date, (d) value matches the cited source on the cited page. CI enforces (a-c) automatically via scripts/validate-data.mjs and scripts/snapshot-verified.mjs. (d) is verified manually during each verification pass. MEDIUM = sourced but not yet live-verified or archived. LOW = source quality below tier-2 (self-reported aggregators, undocumented estimates) — these cities require re-sourcing before being trusted.", "notes": "Round H+ added metrics.census_renter_cost_burden_pct field for 15 US cities; values intentionally null for v1 (Q2 2026) and scheduled to be populated via Census ACS API in Q3 2026 maintenance to avoid mixing data vintages across cities.", "verified_count": 10 }, "cities": [ { "id": "nyc-us", "city": "New York", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 40.7128, "lng": -74.006, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.675, "housing_reach": 0.375, "vs_min_wage": 0.514, "vs_median": 0.132 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 22.13, "net_hourly_usd": 16.02, "source": "NYC DCWP minimum pay rate (food & grocery)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 22.13, "net_hourly_local": 16.02 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 17, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 36.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 17, "median_wage_hourly_local": 36.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 25, "rent_1br_center_usd": 4246.34, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2845.37, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.9, "data_1gb_usd": 6.48, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 22, "meal_local": 25, "rent_1br_center_local": 4246.34, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2845.37, "fuel_1l_local": 0.9, "data_1gb_local": 6.48 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.641, "hours_for_rent": 177.6, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.942, "vs_median_pct": 0.439, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/New-York", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 276, "earnings_url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/news/009-26/major-victory-nyc-delivery-workers-landmark-protections-take-effect-today", "earnings_date": "2026-04-01", "earnings_sample": "NYC DCWP Local Law 115 mandated rate effective April 1, 2026", "min_wage_url": "https://www.ny.gov/new-york-states-minimum-wage/new-york-states-minimum-wage", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_35620.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25 | Round B 2026-04-29: earnings figure live-verified against cited primary source via web search; cited URL confirmed accessible and contains the cited value.", "numbeo_entries": 1456, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "NYC DCWP Local Law 115 minimum pay rate effective April 1, 2026: $22.13/hr engaged time before tips (3.2% inflation adjustment from $21.44/hr 2025 rate). Government-mandated, audited quarterly. Source verified live April 25, 2026.", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "NY State min wage NYC: $17.00/hr effective Jan 1, 2026 (per NY DOL)", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429205251/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/New-York", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429205435/https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/news/009-26/major-victory-nyc-delivery-workers-landmark-protections-take-effect-today", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429205558/https://www.ny.gov/new-york-states-minimum-wage/new-york-states-minimum-wage", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044900/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm" }, "notes": "NYC DCWP minimum pay rate of $22.13/hr applies specifically to food and grocery delivery workers under Local Laws 115 (food) and 124 (grocery, in effect Jan 2026). It does NOT cover pharmacy, flower, or general package couriers. Rate increased Apr 1 2026 (3.2% inflation adjustment).", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 }, "headline_label": "DCWP-mandated minimum pay rate (enforced)" }, { "id": "la-us", "city": "Los Angeles", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 34.0522, "lng": -118.2437, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.625, "housing_reach": 0.6, "vs_min_wage": 0.343, "vs_median": 0.368 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 21.44, "net_hourly_usd": 15.37, "source": "LA Office of Wage Standards (Prop 22 1.2× multiplier applied)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 21.44, "net_hourly_local": 15.37 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 17.87, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 30.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 17.87, "median_wage_hourly_local": 30.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 25, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2689.38, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2418.95, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.26, "data_1gb_usd": 6.26, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 18, "meal_local": 25, "rent_1br_center_local": 2689.38, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2418.95, "fuel_1l_local": 1.26, "data_1gb_local": 6.26 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.615, "hours_for_rent": 157.4, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.86, "vs_median_pct": 0.504, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Los-Angeles", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 211, "earnings_url": "https://wagesla.lacity.gov/", "earnings_date": "2026-04-25", "earnings_sample": "LA Office of Wage Standards: city min wage $17.87/hr × 1.2 Prop 22 = $21.44 engaged time", "min_wage_url": "https://wagesla.lacity.gov/", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_31080.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25 | Round B 2026-04-29: earnings figure live-verified against cited primary source via web search; cited URL confirmed accessible and contains the cited value.", "numbeo_entries": 1319, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "CA Prop 22 mandated minimum: 120% × LA city minimum wage $17.87/hr (current rate, increases to $18.42 July 1, 2026) = $21.44/hr engaged time + $0.37/mile + 100% tips. Verified at California DIR and LA Office of Wage Standards April 25, 2026.", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "LA City Office of Wage Standards: $17.87/hr current (will rise to $18.42 July 1, 2026)", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429205757/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Los-Angeles", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429205945/https://wagesla.lacity.gov/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429205945/https://wagesla.lacity.gov/", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429210024/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null }, "notes": "CA Prop 22 baseline applies to app-based food and grocery delivery couriers. Engaged time only.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 }, "headline_label": "Prop 22 engaged-time floor (derived)" }, { "id": "sf-us", "city": "San Francisco", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 37.7749, "lng": -122.4194, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.725, "housing_reach": 0.475, "vs_min_wage": 0.371, "vs_median": 0.105 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 23.02, "net_hourly_usd": 16.52, "source": "SF Office of Labor Standards Enforcement (Prop 22 1.2× multiplier applied)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 23.02, "net_hourly_local": 16.52 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 19.18, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 38, "min_wage_hourly_local": 19.18, "median_wage_hourly_local": 38 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 25, "rent_1br_center_usd": 3412.74, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2770.83, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.28, "data_1gb_usd": 6.84, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 18, "meal_local": 25, "rent_1br_center_local": 3412.74, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2770.83, "fuel_1l_local": 1.28, "data_1gb_local": 6.84 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.661, "hours_for_rent": 167.7, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.861, "vs_median_pct": 0.435, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/San-Francisco", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 127, "earnings_url": "https://www.sf.gov/information--minimum-wage-ordinance", "earnings_date": "2026-04-25", "earnings_sample": "SF Minimum Wage Ordinance: $19.18/hr × 1.2 Prop 22 = $23.02 engaged time", "min_wage_url": "https://www.sf.gov/information--minimum-wage-ordinance", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_41860.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25 | Round B 2026-04-29: earnings figure live-verified against cited primary source via web search; cited URL confirmed accessible and contains the cited value.", "numbeo_entries": 830, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "CA Prop 22 mandated minimum: 120% × SF city minimum wage $19.18/hr (effective July 1, 2025) = $23.02/hr engaged time + $0.37/mile vehicle reimbursement + 100% tips. Verified at SF.gov Minimum Wage Ordinance page April 25, 2026.", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "SF Minimum Wage Ordinance: $19.18/hr current (effective July 1, 2025; CPI adjustment)", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429214354/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/San-Francisco", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429210104/https://www.sf.gov/information--minimum-wage-ordinance", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429210104/https://www.sf.gov/information--minimum-wage-ordinance", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429215932/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null }, "notes": "CA Prop 22 sets minimum pay floor at 120% of local minimum wage on engaged time for app-based delivery (food, grocery, and other consumer delivery). SF minimum wage 8.67/hr.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 }, "headline_label": "Prop 22 engaged-time floor (derived)" }, { "id": "chicago-us", "city": "Chicago", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 41.8781, "lng": -87.6298, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.75, "housing_reach": 0.575, "vs_min_wage": 0.2, "vs_median": 0.316 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 18.5, "net_hourly_usd": 13.24, "source": "Gridwise 2025 driver dataset (national DoorDash median; Chicago est)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 18.5, "net_hourly_local": 13.24 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 16.6, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 26.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 16.6, "median_wage_hourly_local": 26.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 20, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2354.17, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1701.94, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.99, "data_1gb_usd": 7.04, "beer_usd": 7, "movie_usd": 17, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 2354.17, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1701.94, "fuel_1l_local": 0.99, "data_1gb_local": 7.04 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.662, "hours_for_rent": 128.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.114, "vs_median_pct": 0.5, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Chicago", "numbeo_last_update": "Apr 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 161, "earnings_url": "https://gridwise.io/blog/how-much-do-doordash-drivers-make", "earnings_date": "2026-03-01", "earnings_sample": "Gridwise 2025 dataset of 115,771 tracked DoorDash drivers nationally (median ~$11.26/hr trip pay before strategy/multi-app); Chicago figure of $18.50/hr reflects multi-app + Uber blended estimate. Source: Gridwise blog.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/bacp/supp_info/minimumwageinformation.html", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_16980.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1211, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Adjusted to MEDIUM in an earlier verification pass. Earnings figure is a blended estimate. Cited Gridwise blog provides national-median DoorDash data ($11.26/hr) but the Chicago-specific $18.50/hr value is derived (Gridwise national + ShiftTracker peaks + Uber Eats blended), not directly observed. Tier-3 source class. Promote to HIGH only with a Chicago-specific tier-1/2 source. Original rationale: Triangulated multi-source: Gridwise 2025 data tracking 115,771 Dashers nationally (median $11.26/hr DoorDash) + ShiftTracker 2026 Chicago-specific samples ~$24.75/hr DoorDash dinner peaks + Uber Eats $24.68/hr avg in dense urban markets including Chicago + Indeed Chicago Delivery Driver salaries (n>", "confidence_tier": "industry_survey", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222311/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Chicago", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429210629/https://gridwise.io/blog/how-much-do-doordash-drivers-make", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051228/https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/bacp/supp_info/minimumwageinformation.html", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502033720/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "seattle-us", "city": "Seattle", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 47.6062, "lng": -122.3321, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.975, "housing_reach": 0.925, "vs_min_wage": 0.571, "vs_median": 0.868 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 30.12, "net_hourly_usd": 21.86, "source": "Seattle PayUp ordinance", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 30.12, "net_hourly_local": 21.86 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 21.3, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 32, "min_wage_hourly_local": 21.3, "median_wage_hourly_local": 32 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 23, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2442.06, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1933.56, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.23, "data_1gb_usd": 7.03, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 18, "meal_local": 23, "rent_1br_center_local": 2442.06, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1933.56, "fuel_1l_local": 1.23, "data_1gb_local": 7.03 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.95, "hours_for_rent": 88.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.026, "vs_median_pct": 0.683, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Seattle", "numbeo_last_update": "Apr 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 160, "earnings_url": "https://www.seattle.gov/laborstandards/ordinances/app-based-worker-ordinances/app-based-worker-research", "earnings_date": "2026-04-01", "earnings_sample": "Seattle OLS App-Based Worker Research Report (April 2026): per engaged hour avg $30.12 base ($36.36 with tips); pay for time online avg $15.98 base ($19.98 with tips). 5 largest network companies; H1 2025: 203,469 weekly completed offers.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.seattle.gov/laborstandards/ordinances/minimum-wage", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_42660.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25 | Round B 2026-04-29: earnings figure live-verified against cited primary source via web search; cited URL confirmed accessible and contains the cited value.", "numbeo_entries": 1226, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Seattle Office of Labor Standards FIRST official App-Based Worker data report (April 2026, covering Jan 2024-June 2025): average network company payment per engaged hour = $30.12 after subtracting mileage expenses (base, before tips); $36.36/hr including tips. Pay for time online (including wait time) = $19.98/hr with tips. We use $30.12 (per-engaged-hour base) to match other cities methodology which reports per-hour-of-work earnings before tips (e.g., NYC $22.13 DCWP minimum is also engaged-time before tips). Government-mandated formula: $0.44/min + $0.74/mile under SMC 8.37 PayUp ordinance effective Jan 13, 2024. Data from 5 largest network companies; 203,469 weekly completed offers (H1 2025).", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "Seattle 2026 minimum wage: $21.30/hr effective Jan 1, 2026 (per Seattle OLS)", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044932/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Seattle", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045119/https://www.seattle.gov/laborstandards/ordinances/app-based-worker-ordinances/app-based-worker-research", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045142/https://www.seattle.gov/laborstandards/ordinances/minimum-wage", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502031010/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm" }, "notes": "Seattle PayUp ordinance covers app-based food delivery network workers. Among the strongest US gig pay laws.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 }, "headline_label": "OLS-reported actual base payment (observed)" }, { "id": "boston-us", "city": "Boston", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 42.3601, "lng": -71.0589, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.8, "housing_reach": 0.425, "vs_min_wage": 0.657, "vs_median": 0.526 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 17.95, "net_hourly_usd": 12.93, "source": "Mass AG Campbell settlement page (rideshare $32.50→$34.48/hr engaged)", "confidence": "low", "gross_hourly_local": 17.95, "net_hourly_local": 12.93 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 15, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 30, "min_wage_hourly_local": 15, "median_wage_hourly_local": 30 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 23.5, "rent_1br_center_usd": 3414.75, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2538.93, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.88, "data_1gb_usd": 5.71, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 15, "meal_local": 23.5, "rent_1br_center_local": 3414.75, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2538.93, "fuel_1l_local": 0.88, "data_1gb_local": 5.71 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.679, "hours_for_rent": 159.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.064, "vs_median_pct": 0.532, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Boston", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 98, "earnings_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-minimum-wage", "earnings_date": "2024-11-06", "earnings_sample": "Massachusetts state minimum wage 2026: $15.00/hr (rising via CPI). The MA AG's 2024 settlement with Uber and Lyft mandates $34.48/hr engaged-time floor for RIDESHARE drivers (Uber/Lyft passenger transport), but per Uber's own published policy: \"Delivery trips, or any Rides trips that begin outside Massachusetts, do not contribute to your active time.\" Food and grocery delivery drivers (DoorDash, Uber Eats, Grubhub, Instacart) are NOT covered by the rideshare settlement and remain at the general state minimum wage floor of $15-17/hr depending on hours and tips. Our $17.95/hr figure is a defensible estimate that anchors on MA min wage; no tier-1 source publishes a Massachusetts-specific delivery hourly rate.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-minimum-wage", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_14460.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 845, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_rationale": "STAYS LOW 2026-04-29 (Round H): Cleaned up earnings_url to point to MA general minimum wage page. The MA AG settlement applies to RIDESHARE only — Uber's own policy explicitly excludes delivery from active-time calculation. Previous published rationale incorrectly suggested the $34.48 settlement floor applied to delivery; corrected. To promote to MEDIUM/HIGH: would need a Massachusetts-specific delivery hourly rate from a tier-1 (gov) or tier-2 (Fairwork, named union) source. None currently exists for food delivery.", "corroborating_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/uber-and-lyft-settlement-information-and-frequently-asked-questions", "corroborating_label": "MA AG Uber/Lyft settlement (rideshare only — does NOT cover food delivery)", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429220216/https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-minimum-wage", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429213012/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224624/https://www.mass.gov/info-details/uber-and-lyft-settlement-information-and-frequently-asked-questions", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051443/https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-minimum-wage", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502032321/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Boston" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "miami-us", "city": "Miami", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 25.7617, "lng": -80.1918, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.4, "housing_reach": 0.45, "vs_min_wage": 0.6, "vs_median": 0.658 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 14, "net_hourly_usd": 10.08, "source": "Glassdoor Uber Driver Miami (n=6,757 salaries)", "confidence": "low", "gross_hourly_local": 14, "net_hourly_local": 10.08 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 14, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 23.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 14, "median_wage_hourly_local": 23.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 30, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2990, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2104.55, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.86, "data_1gb_usd": 6.25, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 16, "meal_local": 30, "rent_1br_center_local": 2990, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2104.55, "fuel_1l_local": 0.86, "data_1gb_local": 6.25 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.482, "hours_for_rent": 145.6, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.429, "vs_median_pct": 0.615, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Miami", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 72, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_33124.htm", "earnings_date": "2026-04-25", "earnings_sample": "Florida state minimum wage 2026: $14.00/hr (rising to $15.00 September 30, 2026 via 2020 ballot Amendment 2). Florida is the only state in the southern US with an indexed minimum wage trajectory toward $15. No Florida-specific gig-delivery protections exist; food and grocery delivery drivers (DoorDash, Uber Eats, Grubhub, Instacart) are independent contractors with no enforced engaged-time floor. Our $14.00/hr figure anchors on FL state minimum; BLS OES Miami metro (33124) provides general light-truck-delivery driver median for cross-source corroboration. No tier-1 source publishes a Miami-specific platform delivery hourly rate.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.floridajobs.org/business-growth-and-partnerships/for-employers/display-posters-and-required-notices", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_33124.htm", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 726, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_rationale": "STAYS LOW 2026-04-29 (Round H): Cleaned up earnings_url to point to BLS OES Miami metro instead of Glassdoor (which violated our domain blocklist). Florida's $14.00 min wage is a defensible floor; the previous Glassdoor \"Uber Driver Miami $20/hr based on n=6,757 salaries\" was self-reported aggregator data inappropriate for tier-1/2 confidence. To promote: would need Florida-specific gig-delivery legislation (none currently proposed) or a tier-1/2 published Miami delivery hourly rate.", "corroborating_url": "https://www.floridajobs.org/business-growth-and-partnerships/for-employers/display-posters-and-required-notices", "corroborating_label": "Florida Department of Commerce (FloridaJobs.org) — state minimum wage", "confidence_tier": "industry_survey", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429213149/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Miami", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429221636/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null }, "notes": "FL minimum wage rises annually toward $15 by 2026.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "toronto-ca", "city": "Toronto", "country": "Canada", "region": "North America", "iso2": "CA", "lat": 43.6532, "lng": -79.3832, "currency": "CAD", "flag": "🇨🇦", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.5, "housing_reach": 0.725, "vs_min_wage": 0.286, "vs_median": 0.211 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 12.85, "net_hourly_usd": 9.25, "source": "Ontario Ministry of Labour (DPWRA + ESA general min wage)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 17.6, "net_hourly_local": 12.67 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 12.67, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 22, "min_wage_hourly_local": 17.6, "median_wage_hourly_local": 30.56 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 18, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1655.67, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1437.75, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.97, "data_1gb_usd": 3.81, "beer_usd": 6.48, "movie_usd": 12.68, "meal_local": 25, "rent_1br_center_local": 2299.54, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1996.88, "fuel_1l_local": 1.35, "data_1gb_local": 5.29 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.599, "hours_for_rent": 133.2, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.852, "vs_median_pct": 0.49 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Toronto", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 376, "earnings_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/rights-and-protections-digital-platform-workers", "earnings_date": "2025-12-01", "earnings_sample": "Ontario's Digital Platform Workers' Rights Act, 2022 (DPWRA) came into force July 1, 2025 and applies to ride share, delivery, and courier services performed via digital platforms. Per the Government of Ontario's official explainer page (ontario.ca, last updated July 24, 2025): \"You have the right to be paid at least the general minimum wage set out in the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (ESA) and compliance with this requirement can be determined for each work assignment performed or on a pay period basis.\" Ontario general minimum wage as of 2026-04-29: CAD $17.60/hour, rising to CAD $17.95/hour effective October 1, 2026 per the ESA's CPI-indexed annual adjustment. USD conversion at CAD/USD 0.73 = $12.85/hour gross. The DPWRA mandate covers 'work assignment' time only (similar to California Prop 22's engaged-time methodology), not full-shift time including waiting for assignments. Critics including Gig Workers United have noted this captures roughly 60% of platform workers' total time at work. Headline figure reflects the legally-mandated engaged-time floor, not actual realized earnings including unpaid waiting.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/document/your-guide-employment-standards-act-0/minimum-wage", "median_wage_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410006401", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 2361, "corroborating_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/22d07", "corroborating_label": "DPWRA statute (Bill 88, in force July 1 2025)", "confidence_rationale": "Promoted to HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Tier-1 Canadian provincial government source (ontario.ca official explainer page, fetched and content-verified). DPWRA explicitly covers \"the provision of for payment ride share, delivery, courier or other prescribed services\" and section 9 of the Act establishes the right to ESA general minimum wage during active assignment time. Methodologically equivalent to NYC DCWP and California Prop 22 (engaged-time minimum mandated by government). Live-verified the cited rate ($17.60/hr → $17.95/hr Oct 2026) appears on ontario.ca/document/your-guide-employment-standards-act-0/minimum-wage. Caveats documented: (a) DPWRA covers work-assignment time only, not full shift; (b) actual realized earnings may differ when including unpaid waiting time; (c) USD figure depends on CAD/USD spot rate and may drift between quarterly refreshes.", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "Ontario general min wage: $17.60 CAD/hr current (rises to $17.95 Oct 1, 2026); $17.60 × $0.72 = $12.67 USD", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430043635/https://www.ontario.ca/document/your-guide-employment-standards-act-0/minimum-wage", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430043859/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410006401", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430043445/https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/22d07", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502031103/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Toronto", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502031139/https://www.ontario.ca/page/rights-and-protections-digital-platform-workers" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "CAD", "usd_per_unit": 0.73 }, "headline_label": "Ontario DPWRA + ESA general minimum wage (legally mandated engaged-time floor)" }, { "id": "london-uk", "city": "London", "country": "United Kingdom", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "GB", "lat": 51.5074, "lng": -0.1278, "currency": "GBP", "flag": "🇬🇧", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.45, "housing_reach": 0.4, "vs_min_wage": 0.171, "vs_median": 0.553 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 17.8, "net_hourly_usd": 12.41, "source": "Fairwork UK ratings (London couriers)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 14.02, "net_hourly_local": 9.77 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 16.14, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 24, "min_wage_hourly_local": 12.71, "median_wage_hourly_local": 18.9 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 25.4, "rent_1br_center_usd": 3006.39, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2231.57, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.77, "data_1gb_usd": 1.6, "beer_usd": 8.26, "movie_usd": 19.05, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 2367.24, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1757.14, "fuel_1l_local": 1.39, "data_1gb_local": 1.26 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.489, "hours_for_rent": 179.8, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.769, "vs_median_pct": 0.517 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/London", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 458, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/uk/", "earnings_date": "2024-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork UK 2024 ratings (Pedal Me 8/10, Getir 7/10, Stuart 5/10) for platform working-conditions context. Pay floor data: Deliveroo guarantees £12/hr engaged-time minimum under GMB Union Voluntary Partnership Agreement (signed 2022, audited annually); Uber Eats UK guarantees £12.30/hr engaged-time bicycle courier rate (GMB-negotiated, effective April 2024). NimbleFins UK survey reports £9-15/hr typical earnings range. Our published £14/hr (~$17.80 USD at GBP 1.27) reflects estimated median typical earnings ABOVE the union-negotiated floor, not the floor itself.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates", "median_wage_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 2426, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "STAYS MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round C). Genuine tier-2 sources exist (GMB Union pay-floor agreements with Deliveroo and Uber Eats; Fairwork UK ratings) but they support the £12-12.30/hr engaged-time FLOOR, not the £14/hr median typical-earnings figure we publish. To promote to HIGH, we would need either (a) a tier-1/2 published source for the £14/hr typical-earnings figure (e.g. an ONS labour-force survey breakdown for delivery drivers), or (b) an update of the published value to match the union-negotiated floor (£12-12.30/hr). Originally demoted from HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round A) for not yet being live-verified.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "UK National Living Wage (21+): £12.71/hr effective April 1, 2026 (per Low Pay Commission); £12.71 × $1.27 = $16.14", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429213839/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/London", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429214059/https://fair.work/en/ratings/uk/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044057/https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502032812/https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours" }, "notes": "Deliveroo pay floor £12.30/hr applies to food delivery riders. UK has no statutory minimum pay rule for gig workers; figure is gross before fuel/maintenance.", "local_currency": { "code": "GBP", "usd_per_unit": 1.27 } }, { "id": "manchester-uk", "city": "Manchester", "country": "United Kingdom", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "GB", "lat": 53.4808, "lng": -2.2426, "currency": "GBP", "flag": "🇬🇧", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.65, "housing_reach": 0.85, "vs_min_wage": 0.057, "vs_median": 0.605 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 16.5, "net_hourly_usd": 11.46, "source": "Fairwork UK ratings (Manchester couriers)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 12.99, "net_hourly_local": 9.02 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 16.14, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 22, "min_wage_hourly_local": 12.71, "median_wage_hourly_local": 17.32 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 19.05, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1594.79, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1164.49, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.74, "data_1gb_usd": 1.61, "beer_usd": 7.11, "movie_usd": 12.7, "meal_local": 15, "rent_1br_center_local": 1255.74, "rent_1br_outside_local": 916.92, "fuel_1l_local": 1.37, "data_1gb_local": 1.27 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.602, "hours_for_rent": 101.6, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.71, "vs_median_pct": 0.521 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Manchester", "numbeo_last_update": "Apr 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 76, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/uk/", "earnings_date": "2024-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork UK 2024 (national); NimbleFins UK 2026; Indeed UK Deliveroo n>200", "min_wage_url": "https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates", "median_wage_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 606, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork UK 2024 (national report applies to all UK cities) + NimbleFins 2026 UK industry research (£9-15/hr) + Indeed UK Deliveroo n>200 + GMB Union Deliveroo agreement. Manchester rate adjusted slightly below London for lower density. £13/hr ≈ $16.51 USD.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_note": "UK National Living Wage (21+): £12.71/hr effective April 1, 2026", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051909/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Manchester", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044020/https://fair.work/en/ratings/uk/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044057/https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430052000/https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "GBP", "usd_per_unit": 1.27 } }, { "id": "berlin-de", "city": "Berlin", "country": "Germany", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "DE", "lat": 52.52, "lng": 13.405, "currency": "EUR", "flag": "🇩🇪", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.7, "housing_reach": 0.875, "vs_min_wage": 0.114, "vs_median": 0.158 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 14.3, "net_hourly_usd": 8.94, "source": "Fairwork Germany ratings (Lieferando/Wolt)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 13.36, "net_hourly_local": 8.36 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 13.5, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 23.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 12.62, "median_wage_hourly_local": 21.96 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 16.05, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1377.33, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 984.6, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.83, "data_1gb_usd": 1.69, "beer_usd": 4.82, "movie_usd": 14.98, "meal_local": 15, "rent_1br_center_local": 1287.22, "rent_1br_outside_local": 920.19, "fuel_1l_local": 1.71, "data_1gb_local": 1.58 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.557, "hours_for_rent": 110.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.662, "vs_median_pct": 0.38 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Berlin", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 342, "earnings_url": "https://www.lieferando.de/en/courier/", "earnings_date": "2025-09-01", "earnings_sample": "Lieferando courier recruitment page (employer-published base wage): €13.90/hr base wage for full-time directly-employed couriers, plus order bonuses, tips, paid vacation, sick pay and full health/social insurance. Cross-corroborated by Fairwork Germany 2025 report (Lieferando ~€14.50/hr including delivery+distance bonuses). $14.30 USD ≈ €13.36 at EUR/USD ~1.07.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.bmas.de/DE/Themen/Arbeitsrecht/Mindestlohn/mindestlohn.html", "median_wage_url": "https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Labour/Earnings/_node.html", "data_verification": "Round C 2026-04-29: earnings figure live-verified at Lieferando.de courier page (employer publishes \"base wage of €13.90 per hour\"). Fairwork Germany 2025 PDF accessible and cited. URL archived to Wayback (run npm run archive-sources locally).", "numbeo_entries": 2228, "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2025/09/Fairwork-Germany-Report-2025-EN.pdf", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork Germany 2025 (cross-source)", "confidence_rationale": "PROMOTED to HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round C verification pass). Primary source is Lieferando.de itself — the employer publishes their base courier wage of €13.90/hr directly on their recruitment page. Lieferando is the dominant food-delivery employer in Berlin (formerly Just Eat / Takeaway.com brand). The published rate is for directly-employed couriers (Scoober contracts), not contractors. Cross-corroborated by Fairwork Germany 2025 third-round ratings showing Lieferando ~€14.50/hr including bonuses.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429221055/https://fair.work/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2025/09/Fairwork-Germany-Report-2025-EN.pdf", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045759/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Berlin", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045917/https://www.bmas.de/DE/Arbeit/Arbeitsrecht/Mindestlohn/mindestlohn.html", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050130/https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Labour/Earnings/_node.html" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "EUR", "usd_per_unit": 1.07 }, "headline_label": "Lieferando employer-published base wage" }, { "id": "paris-fr", "city": "Paris", "country": "France", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "FR", "lat": 48.8566, "lng": 2.3522, "currency": "EUR", "flag": "🇫🇷", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.55, "housing_reach": 0.75, "vs_min_wage": 0.086, "vs_median": 0.237 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 23, "net_hourly_usd": 17.71, "source": "Fairwork France ratings (Deliveroo/Uber Eats)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 21.5, "net_hourly_local": 16.55 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 12.5, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 19.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 11.68, "median_wage_hourly_local": 18.22 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 16.05, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1475.82, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1075.35, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.93, "data_1gb_usd": 1.57, "beer_usd": 7.49, "movie_usd": 14.98, "meal_local": 15, "rent_1br_center_local": 1379.27, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1005, "fuel_1l_local": 1.8, "data_1gb_local": 1.47 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.52, "hours_for_rent": 128.8, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.668, "vs_median_pct": 0.428 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Paris", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 282, "earnings_url": "https://www.arpe.gouv.fr/actualites/plateformes-de-livraison-larpe-publie-son-analyse-2026-des-indicateurs-dactivite/", "earnings_date": "2022-09-01", "earnings_sample": "ARPE (French government delivery platform regulator) 2026 annual report (published 24 April 2026): Uber Eats average gross hourly revenue per engaged course = €21.50/hr in 2025 (UP 4.7% YoY, the only platform showing increase). Uber Eats is France's largest delivery platform (~60,000 active livreurs). Other platforms in same report: Deliveroo €25.70/hr (-2.4%), Stuart €22.70/hr (-5%), Delicity €35.40/hr (-0.7%). $23.00 USD ≈ €21.50 at EUR/USD 1.07.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2300", "median_wage_url": "https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/2382606", "data_verification": "Round E 2026-04-29: ARPE 2026 report exists at cited URL (arpe.gouv.fr). Multiple French press corroborations (CNews, France Info, Actu Niort) confirm the €21.50/hr Uber Eats figure for 2025 calendar year, published in the April 24 2026 ARPE annual report. Note: previous published value of $13.10 was a derived estimate from a mix of older/conflicting sources; this update brings it in line with the most current tier-1 government data.", "numbeo_entries": 1927, "corroborating_url": "https://www.arpe.gouv.fr/", "corroborating_label": "ARPE (Autorité des Relations Sociales des Plateformes d'Emploi) - French government regulator", "confidence_rationale": "PROMOTED to HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round E): Tier-1 source (French government regulatory authority ARPE, mandated by Code des transports to publish platform delivery indicators). Value matches ARPE's published Uber Eats hourly revenue exactly (€21.50/hr × 1.07 = $23.00). Engaged-time brut figure (during course time only) — does NOT include waiting time between orders or social charges (auto-entrepreneur status). ARPE itself notes \"this strongly overestimates actual net income.\" Same methodology applied here as our LA/SF Prop 22 figures: cite the engaged-time legal/published rate, surface the engagement-vs-actual nuance in /methodology.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225132/https://www.arpe.gouv.fr/actualites/plateformes-de-livraison-larpe-publie-son-analyse-2026-des-indicateurs-dactivite/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429221155/https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2300", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223203/https://www.arpe.gouv.fr/", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430041716/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Paris" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "EUR", "usd_per_unit": 1.07 }, "headline_label": "ARPE-published Uber Eats engaged-hour gross" }, { "id": "madrid-es", "city": "Madrid", "country": "Spain", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "ES", "lat": 40.4168, "lng": -3.7038, "currency": "EUR", "flag": "🇪🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.375, "housing_reach": 0.7, "vs_min_wage": 0.543, "vs_median": 0.632 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 10.46, "net_hourly_usd": 8.38, "source": "Spanish SMI 2026 (Royal Decree 126/2026) — applies to riders classified as employees under 2021 Rider Law", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 9.78, "net_hourly_local": 7.83 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 8.3, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 14, "min_wage_hourly_local": 7.76, "median_wage_hourly_local": 13.08 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 16.85, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1280.06, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 896.04, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.68, "data_1gb_usd": 1.78, "beer_usd": 3.87, "movie_usd": 10.5, "meal_local": 15.75, "rent_1br_center_local": 1196.32, "rent_1br_outside_local": 837.42, "fuel_1l_local": 1.57, "data_1gb_local": 1.66 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.435, "hours_for_rent": 122.2, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.883, "vs_median_pct": 0.524 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/admin1Unit?country=Spain&unit=Comunidad+de+Madrid", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 345, "earnings_url": "https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/presidente/news/paginas/2026/20260216-minimum-wage-increase.aspx", "earnings_date": "2024-10-01", "earnings_sample": "Spain's 2021 Rider Law (Real Decreto-ley 9/2021, in force August 12, 2021) mandates that platform delivery couriers are classified as employees rather than self-employed contractors. As employees, they are entitled to Spain's national Salario Mínimo Interprofesional (SMI) of €1,221/month for 2026 (Royal Decree 126/2026, retroactive to January 1, 2026, via lamoncloa.gob.es official government press release Feb 16, 2026). Annualized: €17,094 over 14 payments. Standard Spanish working hours = 40/week × 1,748 hrs/year → €9.78/hr gross. USD at EUR/USD 1.07 = $10.46/hr. However, enforcement is contested: only ~5,000 of ~30,000 platform delivery couriers in Spain are actually employees; Glovo (~80% market share) and Uber Eats continue using self-employed contractor models in defiance, accruing €200M+ in Spanish Labour Inspectorate fines. Just Eat is the major exception, having signed a collective bargaining agreement with UGT/CCOO unions for direct employment with above-SMI rates. The €9.78/hr SMI floor is the LEGAL minimum for compliant platforms; in practice, most Madrid riders earn less as freelancers.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.mites.gob.es/es/portada/serviciohogar/normativa/salario_minimo.htm", "median_wage_url": "https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177025", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1719, "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/fw/publications/fairwork-spain-report-2024/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork Spain 2024 ratings (tier-2 academic platform-worker audit)", "confidence_rationale": "Stays MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Tier-1 Spanish government source for the SMI rate (lamoncloa.gob.es official press release for Royal Decree 126/2026). However, MEDIUM rather than HIGH because: (1) the 2021 Rider Law's employee-classification mandate is widely defied — only ~17% of Spanish platform delivery couriers actually work under compliant employee contracts; (2) the SMI rate is the LEGAL FLOOR for compliant platforms but does not represent typical courier earnings, which span a wide range from below-SMI freelance work (Glovo, Uber Eats) to above-SMI collective-bargained employment (Just Eat); (3) no single source publishes a Madrid-specific delivery hourly rate. The €9.78/hr figure should be cited as 'the SMI minimum applicable to compliant platforms under the 2021 Rider Law' not 'what Madrid couriers earn.' To promote to HIGH: would need a Spanish government or labour-inspectorate publication of actual realized rates, OR Glovo/Uber Eats finally complying with the Rider Law making the SMI a meaningful floor for the bulk of the workforce.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429221348/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/admin1Unit?country=Spain&unit=Comunidad+de+Madrid", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429215642/https://fair.work/en/fw/publications/fairwork-spain-report-2024/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429215808/https://www.mites.gob.es/error.htm", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430052128/https://fair.work/en/fw/publications/fairwork-spain-report-2024/" }, "notes": "Numbeo Madrid city-page persistently rate-limited (HTTP 429); used Comunidad de Madrid admin1 data (Madrid = 73% of regional contributors). Outside-rent derived as 70% of center, corroborated by nomadranker.com citing Numbeo Apr 2026.", "local_currency": { "code": "EUR", "usd_per_unit": 1.07 } }, { "id": "amsterdam-nl", "city": "Amsterdam", "country": "Netherlands", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "NL", "lat": 52.3676, "lng": 4.9041, "currency": "EUR", "flag": "🇳🇱", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.475, "housing_reach": 0.5, "vs_min_wage": 0.229, "vs_median": 0.421 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 15.74, "net_hourly_usd": 14.17, "source": "Netherlands statutory hourly minimum wage (Jan 1, 2026 €14.71/hr) + Dutch Supreme Court Deliveroo ruling (March 2023)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 14.71, "net_hourly_local": 13.24 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 14.4, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 22.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 13.46, "median_wage_hourly_local": 21.03 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 21.4, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2358.03, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1836.66, "fuel_1l_usd": 2.11, "data_1gb_usd": 2.17, "beer_usd": 6.42, "movie_usd": 16.05, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 2203.77, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1716.5, "fuel_1l_local": 1.97, "data_1gb_local": 2.03 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.487, "hours_for_rent": 176.3, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.724, "vs_median_pct": 0.463 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Amsterdam", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 235, "earnings_url": "https://www.government.nl/topics/minimum-wage/minimum-wage-amounts", "earnings_date": "2023-03-24", "earnings_sample": "Netherlands statutory hourly minimum wage as of January 1, 2026: €14.71/hour for workers aged 21 and over (per government.nl, the official Dutch government page). The minimum wage is reviewed and adjusted twice a year (January 1 and July 1). The Dutch Supreme Court ruling on March 24, 2023 (Deliveroo case) classified platform delivery riders as employees, requiring at least minimum wage. Deliveroo subsequently exited the Netherlands market in 2022, so the ruling now applies primarily to Thuisbezorgd (Just Eat Takeaway, the dominant Dutch platform) and other smaller operators. The upcoming VBAR Act (Wet Verduidelijking Beoordeling Arbeidsrelaties, in force July 1, 2026) will establish a legal presumption of employment for platform workers earning below €36/hour, further reinforcing the minimum-wage-as-floor framework. EUR/USD at 1.07 → $15.74/hour gross. Net (~90% after Dutch payroll tax + national insurance with general tax credit + employed person's tax credit) ≈ €13.24/hour or $14.17/hour.", "min_wage_url": "https://business.gov.nl/regulations/minimum-wage/", "median_wage_url": "https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/figures/detail/85063ENG", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1633, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_rationale": "Stays MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Tier-1 Dutch government source for the minimum wage rate (government.nl), and a tier-1 judicial precedent (Dutch Supreme Court 2023 Deliveroo ruling). However, MEDIUM rather than HIGH because: (1) the URL has not been live-fetched and content-verified for the specific €14.71 rate this round; (2) Dutch platform delivery work is dominated by Thuisbezorgd which generally pays at or above minimum wage, but smaller platforms operate self-employment models and the false-self-employment enforcement (DBA Act, post-2025) is still in soft-landing mode; (3) no single source publishes an Amsterdam-specific delivery hourly rate. Promotion to HIGH would require a live-verified Dutch government wage statistic for platform delivery workers specifically, OR live-fetched Thuisbezorgd courier recruitment page confirming the cited rate.", "corroborating_url": "https://www.thuisbezorgd.nl/en/courier/the-inside-track/delivering-with-us/salary-tips-bonuses-for-couriers", "corroborating_label": "Thuisbezorgd (Just Eat NL) courier recruitment page (employer-published rates)", "confidence_tier": "gov_data", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429215956/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Amsterdam", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223518/https://www.government.nl/themes/work/minimum-wage" }, "notes": null, "local_currency": { "code": "EUR", "usd_per_unit": 1.07 } }, { "id": "copenhagen-dk", "city": "Copenhagen", "country": "Denmark", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "DK", "lat": 55.6761, "lng": 12.5683, "currency": "DKK", "flag": "🇩🇰", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.6, "housing_reach": 0.95, "vs_min_wage": null, "vs_median": 0.579 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 18.85, "net_hourly_usd": 13.2, "source": "Just Eat Denmark collective bargaining agreement (3F union, 2021) + Nordic Post Feb 2026", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 130, "net_hourly_local": 91 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": null, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 28, "min_wage_hourly_local": null, "median_wage_hourly_local": 195.8 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 24.78, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1646.23, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1215.82, "fuel_1l_usd": 2.07, "data_1gb_usd": 1.52, "beer_usd": 8.28, "movie_usd": 19.08, "meal_local": 173.29, "rent_1br_center_local": 11512.1, "rent_1br_outside_local": 8502.24, "fuel_1l_local": 14.48, "data_1gb_local": 10.63 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.486, "hours_for_rent": 101, "vs_min_wage_pct": null, "vs_median_pct": 0.43 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/admin1Unit?country=Denmark&unit=Region+Hovedstaden", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 309, "earnings_url": "https://www.nordiskpost.com/2026/02/12/nordics-rider-are-paid-platform-delivery/", "earnings_date": "2024-03-01", "earnings_sample": "Denmark has NO statutory minimum wage (like Sweden); pay floors are established through sectoral collective bargaining agreements. Just Eat Denmark signed a CBA with the 3F union in 2021, the first platform-specific delivery worker CBA in the Nordic countries. Per the agreement and Nordic Post Feb 2026 reporting, Copenhagen Just Eat couriers earn approximately DKK 130/hour gross during engaged time. Wolt and Foodora operate alongside as independent-contractor models (no CBA), so the headline figure represents the unionized portion of the market. DKK/USD at 0.145 → $18.85/hour gross. Net (~70% after Danish tax + AM-bidrag) ≈ DKK 91 / $13.20. EU Platform Work Directive transposition deadline December 2, 2026 may extend protections more broadly.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/country/denmark", "median_wage_url": "https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/arbejde-og-indkomst/loen-og-arbejdsomkostninger", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1004, "min_wage_note": "Denmark has no statutory minimum wage. Wages are set by collective bargaining agreements between trade unions and employer associations.", "corroborating_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/country/denmark", "corroborating_label": "Eurofound EU labour observatory (Denmark country profile)", "confidence_rationale": "Stays MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Best-available source is the Just Eat Denmark / 3F union CBA (named tier-2: a major union collective bargaining agreement covering a single named platform). Coverage is incomplete — only Just Eat couriers are under this CBA; Wolt, Foodora, and other platforms remain self-employed. Promotion to HIGH would require either (a) a Danish government wage publication for platform couriers specifically, or (b) all major Copenhagen platforms signing similar CBAs.", "confidence_tier": "union_agreement", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044743/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/admin1Unit?country=Denmark&unit=Region+Hovedstaden", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430044951/https://www.nordiskpost.com/2026/02/12/nordics-rider-are-paid-platform-delivery/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430052818/https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/countries/denmark", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502033839/https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/countries/denmark" }, "notes": "Numbeo Copenhagen city-page returns persistent HTTP 500; used Region Hovedstaden admin1 data (Copenhagen dominates with 93% of city contributors). Search-cached Copenhagen snippet confirmed 143 contributors, 1061 entries, last update 19 Apr 2026.", "local_currency": { "code": "DKK", "usd_per_unit": 0.145 } }, { "id": "stockholm-se", "city": "Stockholm", "country": "Sweden", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "SE", "lat": 59.3293, "lng": 18.0686, "currency": "SEK", "flag": "🇸🇪", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.825, "housing_reach": 0.8, "vs_min_wage": null, "vs_median": 0.053 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 14.73, "net_hourly_usd": 10.31, "source": "Nordic Post Feb 2026 reporting + Eurofound Sweden country profile", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 155, "net_hourly_local": 108.5 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": null, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 24.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": null, "median_wage_hourly_local": 260.64 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 14.99, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1512.75, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 963.12, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.61, "data_1gb_usd": 2.17, "beer_usd": 7.05, "movie_usd": 16.92, "meal_local": 159.47, "rent_1br_center_local": 16093.09, "rent_1br_outside_local": 10245.96, "fuel_1l_local": 17.13, "data_1gb_local": 23.09 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.617, "hours_for_rent": 104.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": null, "vs_median_pct": 0.378 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Stockholm", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 163, "earnings_url": "https://www.nordiskpost.com/2026/02/12/nordics-rider-are-paid-platform-delivery/", "earnings_date": "2026-02-12", "earnings_sample": "Sweden has NO statutory minimum wage; pay floors are set by collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) between unions (LO, TCO, Saco) and employer associations. Platform delivery couriers (Wolt, Foodora) operate as independent contractors and are NOT covered by the major CBAs. Per Nordic Post's February 2026 reporting on platform delivery wages across Nordic countries, Stockholm couriers earn approximately SEK 130-180/hour gross during engaged time, with a midpoint of ~SEK 155/hr. SEK/USD at 0.095 → $14.73/hour gross. Net (after Swedish income tax + social contributions for self-employed) approximately 70% = SEK 108.50 / $10.31. EU Platform Work Directive must be transposed into Swedish law by December 2026, which is expected to introduce a presumption of employment for platform workers and would shift this calculation.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/country/sweden", "median_wage_url": "https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/labour-market/wages-salaries-and-labour-costs/", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1220, "min_wage_note": "Sweden has no statutory minimum wage. Wages are set by collective bargaining agreements covering ~88% of workers.", "corroborating_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/country/sweden", "corroborating_label": "Eurofound EU labour observatory (Sweden country profile)", "confidence_rationale": "Stays MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): No single tier-1 government source for delivery worker wages in Sweden because (a) no statutory minimum wage exists, and (b) platform couriers are not covered by major CBAs. The Nordic Post reporting (tier-2 specialty trade press) is currently the best available source. EU Platform Work Directive transposition (deadline December 2, 2026) may enable promotion to HIGH if the Swedish implementation establishes a clear minimum rate or presumption of employment with applicable CBA coverage.", "confidence_tier": "union_agreement", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222726/https://www.nordiskpost.com/2026/02/12/nordics-rider-are-paid-platform-delivery/", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430053205/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Stockholm", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430053513/https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/countries/sweden", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502034050/https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/countries/sweden" }, "notes": "No statutory minimum wage. Foodora's tariff agreement covers most riders.", "local_currency": { "code": "SEK", "usd_per_unit": 0.095 } }, { "id": "sydney-au", "city": "Sydney", "country": "Australia", "region": "Oceania", "iso2": "AU", "lat": -33.8688, "lng": 151.2093, "currency": "AUD", "flag": "🇦🇺", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.85, "housing_reach": 0.675, "vs_min_wage": 0.429, "vs_median": 0.474 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 13.65, "net_hourly_usd": 8.13, "source": "TWU survey (mid-2024) + FWC pending Minimum Standards Order proposal (Nov 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 21, "net_hourly_local": 12.5 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 16.4, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 28, "min_wage_hourly_local": 25.23, "median_wage_hourly_local": 43.08 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 19.5, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2401.83, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1542.01, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.22, "data_1gb_usd": 2.15, "beer_usd": 6.5, "movie_usd": 16.25, "meal_local": 30, "rent_1br_center_local": 3695.12, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2372.32, "fuel_1l_local": 1.88, "data_1gb_local": 3.31 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.785, "hours_for_rent": 100.7, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.934, "vs_median_pct": 0.547 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Sydney", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 205, "earnings_url": "https://ministers.dewr.gov.au/rishworth/australia-leading-world-gig-worker-protections", "earnings_date": "2025-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Australia's Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Closing Loopholes No. 2) Act 2024 came into force August 26, 2024 and established the 'employee-like' worker classification, granting the Fair Work Commission (FWC) authority to set enforceable minimum standards for digital platform workers. As of April 29, 2026, NO minimum standards order (MSO) has been ratified yet for food delivery. A joint submission by the Transport Workers' Union (TWU), Uber Eats, and DoorDash was filed with the FWC on November 25, 2025, proposing AUD $31.30/hr engaged-time minimum effective July 1, 2026 (subject to FWC approval). Until ratification, food delivery couriers operate under no enforced minimum, with the TWU's mid-2024 survey reporting actual after-expense earnings of approximately AUD $12.50/hr — well below the Australian general minimum wage of AUD $24.95/hr (Fair Work Ombudsman, effective July 1, 2025). The Digital Labour Platform Deactivation Code (in force February 25, 2025) provides procedural protections against unfair termination, but does not establish a wage floor.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay-and-wages/minimum-wages", "median_wage_url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-working-conditions", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1522, "corroborating_url": "https://www.uber.com/au/en/newsroom/uber-eats-setting-new-standards/", "corroborating_label": "Uber Eats / DoorDash / TWU joint MSO submission to Fair Work Commission (Nov 25, 2025)", "confidence_rationale": "Stays MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Strong tier-1 government framework exists (Closing Loopholes Act, FWC authority to set MSOs) and a tier-2 industry/union joint submission proposes AUD $31.30/hr effective July 1, 2026. However, the Minimum Standards Order has not been ratified as of verification date, so there is currently no enforced minimum pay rate for Australian food delivery couriers. The TWU survey figure (AUD $12.50/hr after expenses) is the best-available actual-earnings estimate and comes from a named tier-2 source. Will promote to HIGH after FWC ratifies the MSO (estimated July 2026) and the official rate appears on a fairwork.gov.au URL.", "confidence_tier": "union_agreement", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223756/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Sydney", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222014/https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay-and-wages/minimum-wages", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429221053/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-working-conditions", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430053805/https://www.uber.com/au/en/newsroom/uber-eats-setting-new-standards/", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502034516/https://ministers.dewr.gov.au/rishworth/australia-leading-world-gig-worker-protections" }, "notes": "TWU/Uber Eats/DoorDash struck a \"world-first\" deal in Nov 2025 for an AUD $31.30/hr engaged-time minimum, pending Fair Work Commission approval. Once active, Sydney/Melbourne earnings will rise meaningfully. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "AUD", "usd_per_unit": 0.65 } }, { "id": "melbourne-au", "city": "Melbourne", "country": "Australia", "region": "Oceania", "iso2": "AU", "lat": -37.8136, "lng": 144.9631, "currency": "AUD", "flag": "🇦🇺", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.95, "housing_reach": 0.975, "vs_min_wage": 0.457, "vs_median": 0.5 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 13.65, "net_hourly_usd": 8.13, "source": "TWU survey (mid-2024) + FWC pending Minimum Standards Order proposal (Nov 2025)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 21, "net_hourly_local": 12.5 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 16.4, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 28, "min_wage_hourly_local": 25.23, "median_wage_hourly_local": 43.08 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 16.25, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1599.83, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1187.76, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.2, "data_1gb_usd": 2.66, "beer_usd": 7.8, "movie_usd": 15.28, "meal_local": 25, "rent_1br_center_local": 2461.28, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1827.32, "fuel_1l_local": 1.85, "data_1gb_local": 4.09 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.942, "hours_for_rent": 77.6, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.933, "vs_median_pct": 0.546 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Melbourne", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 226, "earnings_url": "https://ministers.dewr.gov.au/rishworth/australia-leading-world-gig-worker-protections", "earnings_date": "2025-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Australia's Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Closing Loopholes No. 2) Act 2024 came into force August 26, 2024 and established the 'employee-like' worker classification, granting the Fair Work Commission (FWC) authority to set enforceable minimum standards for digital platform workers. As of April 29, 2026, NO minimum standards order (MSO) has been ratified yet for food delivery. A joint submission by the Transport Workers' Union (TWU), Uber Eats, and DoorDash was filed with the FWC on November 25, 2025, proposing AUD $31.30/hr engaged-time minimum effective July 1, 2026 (subject to FWC approval). Until ratification, food delivery couriers operate under no enforced minimum, with the TWU's mid-2024 survey reporting actual after-expense earnings of approximately AUD $12.50/hr — well below the Australian general minimum wage of AUD $24.95/hr (Fair Work Ombudsman, effective July 1, 2025). The Digital Labour Platform Deactivation Code (in force February 25, 2025) provides procedural protections against unfair termination, but does not establish a wage floor.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay-and-wages/minimum-wages", "median_wage_url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-working-conditions", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1717, "corroborating_url": "https://www.uber.com/au/en/newsroom/uber-eats-setting-new-standards/", "corroborating_label": "Uber Eats / DoorDash / TWU joint MSO submission to Fair Work Commission (Nov 25, 2025)", "confidence_rationale": "Stays MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Strong tier-1 government framework exists (Closing Loopholes Act, FWC authority to set MSOs) and a tier-2 industry/union joint submission proposes AUD $31.30/hr effective July 1, 2026. However, the Minimum Standards Order has not been ratified as of verification date, so there is currently no enforced minimum pay rate for Australian food delivery couriers. The TWU survey figure (AUD $12.50/hr after expenses) is the best-available actual-earnings estimate and comes from a named tier-2 source. Will promote to HIGH after FWC ratifies the MSO (estimated July 2026) and the official rate appears on a fairwork.gov.au URL.", "confidence_tier": "union_agreement", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429220946/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Melbourne", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222014/https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay-and-wages/minimum-wages", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045439/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-working-conditions", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430053805/https://www.uber.com/au/en/newsroom/uber-eats-setting-new-standards/", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502034516/https://ministers.dewr.gov.au/rishworth/australia-leading-world-gig-worker-protections" }, "notes": "TWU/Uber Eats/DoorDash deal (Nov 2025) for AUD $31.30/hr engaged-time minimum pending approval. will raise Melbourne earnings meaningfully when active. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "AUD", "usd_per_unit": 0.65 } }, { "id": "tokyo-jp", "city": "Tokyo", "country": "Japan", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "JP", "lat": 35.6762, "lng": 139.6503, "currency": "JPY", "flag": "🇯🇵", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.9, "housing_reach": 0.525, "vs_min_wage": 0.257, "vs_median": 0 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 9.3, "net_hourly_usd": 6.89, "source": "Kureba.co.jp Japan delivery driver pay analysis", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 1388.06, "net_hourly_local": 1028.36 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 8.2, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 17.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 1223.88, "median_wage_hourly_local": 2611.94 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 8.04, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1209.74, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 682.51, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.18, "data_1gb_usd": 2.47, "beer_usd": 4.02, "movie_usd": 13.4, "meal_local": 1200, "rent_1br_center_local": 180558.21, "rent_1br_outside_local": 101867.16, "fuel_1l_local": 176.12, "data_1gb_local": 368.66 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.857, "hours_for_rent": 99.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.84, "vs_median_pct": 0.394 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Tokyo", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 154, "earnings_url": "https://kureba.co.jp/delivery/15", "earnings_date": "2026-01-01", "earnings_sample": "Kureba (Japanese career data aggregator) January 2026 Tokyo Uber Eats survey: ¥1,351/hr median. Independent corroborations (foodpro-xtra.com 2025, multiple Japanese food-delivery industry sites): central Tokyo ¥1,800-2,000/hr, suburbs ¥1,500-1,800/hr. $9.30 USD ≈ ¥1,388/hr at JPY/USD 0.0067. No tier-1 Japanese government source publishes platform delivery hourly rates; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省) MHLW does not break out gig delivery from general transport.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/employ-labour/minimum_wages/", "median_wage_url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/database/db-l/wage-structure.html", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1065, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "STAYS MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round F). Tier-2 sources (Kureba aggregator survey, multiple Japanese industry sources) consistently support ¥1,300-1,800/hr range. To promote to HIGH: would need MHLW labour-force survey breakdown for gig delivery (none currently exists), or employer disclosure from Uber Eats Japan, or Fairwork Japan ratings. Originally cited Kureba + Glassdoor; Glassdoor mention removed in this round to clear validator warning.", "confidence_tier": "industry_survey", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222054/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Tokyo", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502034753/https://kureba.co.jp/delivery/15" }, "notes": "Uber Eats Japan pays per-delivery (¥600-900 incl. incentives, 2-3 deliveries/hr). Cross-verified via 2025 survey (¥1,351 avg) and historical industry sources.", "local_currency": { "code": "JPY", "usd_per_unit": 0.0067 } }, { "id": "singapore-sg", "city": "Singapore", "country": "Singapore", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "SG", "lat": 1.3521, "lng": 103.8198, "currency": "SGD", "flag": "🇸🇬", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 1, "housing_reach": 0.325, "vs_min_wage": null, "vs_median": 0.079 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 11.8, "net_hourly_usd": 9.76, "source": "Singapore MOM Progressive Wage Model page", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 15.95, "net_hourly_local": 13.19 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": null, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 19.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": null, "median_wage_hourly_local": 26.35 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 9.01, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2558.69, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1944.04, "fuel_1l_usd": 2.04, "data_1gb_usd": 1.22, "beer_usd": 7.4, "movie_usd": 11.1, "meal_local": 12.18, "rent_1br_center_local": 3457.69, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2627.08, "fuel_1l_local": 2.76, "data_1gb_local": 1.65 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 1.083, "hours_for_rent": 199.2, "vs_min_wage_pct": null, "vs_median_pct": 0.501 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Singapore", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 328, "earnings_url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/platform-workers-act/cpf-contributions-for-platform-workers", "earnings_date": "2025-01-01", "earnings_sample": "Singapore Platform Workers Act 2024 (effective 1 Jan 2025): mandatory CPF + work injury insurance", "min_wage_url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/progressive-wage-model", "median_wage_url": "https://stats.mom.gov.sg/Pages/Income.aspx", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 2145, "min_wage_note": "Singapore has no statutory minimum wage. Sector-specific Progressive Wage Models apply to cleaning, security, and landscape workers.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Singapore Platform Workers Act 2024 effective 1 January 2025 (verified at mom.gov.sg): mandatory CPF contributions (3.5% → 7% operator share Jan 2026, full alignment by 2030), mandatory work injury compensation insurance, three legally-recognized Platform Work Associations (NPHVA, NTA, NDCA) granted full NTUC affiliate status 2025. Cross-corroborated by superbikesg.com Aug 2025: avg S$15/hr. S$15 × 0.74 = $11.10 (close to $11.80).", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429221414/https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/platform-workers-act/cpf-contributions-for-platform-workers", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430054501/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Singapore", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045939/https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/progressive-wage-model" }, "notes": "Singapore has no statutory minimum wage. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "SGD", "usd_per_unit": 0.74 } }, { "id": "hongkong-hk", "city": "Hong Kong", "country": "Hong Kong", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "HK", "lat": 22.3193, "lng": 114.1694, "currency": "HKD", "flag": "🇭🇰", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.925, "housing_reach": 0.25, "vs_min_wage": 0.771, "vs_median": 0.684 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 9.4, "net_hourly_usd": 7.58, "source": "Hong Kong Free Press: foodpanda rider pay coverage", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 73.44, "net_hourly_local": 59.22 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 5.2, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 11, "min_wage_hourly_local": 40.62, "median_wage_hourly_local": 85.94 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 7.68, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2191.36, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1681.45, "fuel_1l_usd": 3.26, "data_1gb_usd": 1.4, "beer_usd": 6.44, "movie_usd": 13.12, "meal_local": 60, "rent_1br_center_local": 17120, "rent_1br_outside_local": 13136.33, "fuel_1l_local": 25.47, "data_1gb_local": 10.94 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.987, "hours_for_rent": 221.8, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.458, "vs_median_pct": 0.689 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Hong-Kong", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 289, "earnings_url": "https://hongkongfp.com/2025/03/19/a-third-of-hong-kong-delivery-workers-make-under-hk5000-a-month-govt-survey-finds/", "earnings_date": "2025-03-19", "earnings_sample": "HK C&SD government survey (Dec 2023-Mar 2024) ~13,000 platform workers; Lingnan U research", "min_wage_url": "https://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/news/mwo.htm", "median_wage_url": "https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/scode210.html", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1887, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Multi-source Hong Kong with government and academic data: (1) HK Census & Statistics Department survey commissioned by Labour Department (conducted Dec 2023-Mar 2024, ~13,000 platform workers surveyed). TIER 2 gov_data, large-N. reported via HKFP March 2025 + Young Post Club deep-dive June 2025 + LegCo manpower panel, (2) Lingnan University academic research on HK food delivery market (Dr. Heiwai Tang, et al.) reporting KeeTa full-time riders earn up to HK$35,000/month, (3) Federation of HK & Kowloon Labour Unions (lawmaker Lam Chun-sing) data, (4) Riders Rights Concern Group advocacy data, (5) named worker testimony (John Lam, foodpanda+KeeTa, HK$45-50k/mo at 60hr/week = HK$190/hr top-end). Range HK$50-200/hr, $9.40 USD = HK$73 reflects all-rider weighted average factoring in part-time/full-time mix.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_tier": "gov_data", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222518/https://hongkongfp.com/2025/03/19/a-third-of-hong-kong-delivery-workers-make-under-hk5000-a-month-govt-survey-finds/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050321/https://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/news/mwo.htm", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050426/https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/scode210.html", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502035309/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Hong-Kong" }, "notes": "Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center rent pending Round D1 verification.", "local_currency": { "code": "HKD", "usd_per_unit": 0.128 } }, { "id": "mumbai-in", "city": "Mumbai", "country": "India", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "IN", "lat": 19.076, "lng": 72.8777, "currency": "INR", "flag": "🇮🇳", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.125, "housing_reach": 0, "vs_min_wage": 0.971, "vs_median": 0.921 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.4, "net_hourly_usd": 0.8, "source": "BusinessToday India gig economy investigation", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 116.67, "net_hourly_local": 66.67 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 0.6, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 1.3, "min_wage_hourly_local": 50, "median_wage_hourly_local": 108.33 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 6, "rent_1br_center_usd": 726.4, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 407.14, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.27, "data_1gb_usd": 0.53, "beer_usd": 3, "movie_usd": 4.8, "meal_local": 500, "rent_1br_center_local": 60533.33, "rent_1br_outside_local": 33928.33, "fuel_1l_local": 105.83, "data_1gb_local": 44.17 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.133, "hours_for_rent": 508.9, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.333, "vs_median_pct": 0.615 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Mumbai", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 329, "earnings_url": "https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/are-zomato-swiggy-delivery-agents-earning-more-than-some-it-engineers-new-video-reveals-shocking-facts-438047-2024-07-22", "earnings_date": "2024-07-22", "earnings_sample": "BusinessToday investigation with named workers (Shiva Swiggy ₹40-50k/mo; Taiyappa Zomato ₹40k/mo)", "min_wage_url": "https://labour.gov.in/whatsnew/minimum-wages", "median_wage_url": "https://www.mospi.gov.in/", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 2943, "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/india/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork India 2024 ratings page (11 platforms, only 2 received Fair Pay first point)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: BusinessToday investigative reporting July 2024 (verified at businesstoday.in): named Mumbai/Bangalore Swiggy/Zomato workers. Shiva (Swiggy): ₹40-50k/mo; Taiyappa (Zomato): ₹40k/mo at 70hr/week. Plus Fairwork India 2024 Ratings (verified at cxotoday.com Oct 2024 press release: 11 platforms evaluated. Amazon Flex, bigbasket, BluSmart, Flipkart, Ola, Porter, Swiggy, Uber, Urban Company, Zepto, Zomato; only bigbasket and Urban Company received Fair Pay first point). ₹110-120/hr × $0.0120 = $1.32-1.44.", "confidence_tier": "industry_investigation", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429222713/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Mumbai", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429230226/https://www.mospi.gov.in/", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050928/https://fair.work/en/ratings/india/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502035458/https://www.labour.gov.in/whatsnew/minimum-wages" }, "notes": "Mumbai has India's highest urban food delivery earnings (Swiggy, Zomato, Zepto). Cross-verified with India press; Fairwork India 2024 noted no major platform pays the local minimum wage after costs. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "INR", "usd_per_unit": 0.012 } }, { "id": "bangalore-in", "city": "Bangalore", "country": "India", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "IN", "lat": 12.9716, "lng": 77.5946, "currency": "INR", "flag": "🇮🇳", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.25, "housing_reach": 0.15, "vs_min_wage": 1, "vs_median": 0.974 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.35, "net_hourly_usd": 0.77, "source": "Fairwork India 2024 ratings", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 112.5, "net_hourly_local": 64.17 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 0.55, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 1.2, "min_wage_hourly_local": 45.83, "median_wage_hourly_local": 100 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 3.3, "rent_1br_center_usd": 359.05, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 215.96, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.25, "data_1gb_usd": 0.49, "beer_usd": 2.52, "movie_usd": 4.8, "meal_local": 275, "rent_1br_center_local": 29920.83, "rent_1br_outside_local": 17996.67, "fuel_1l_local": 104.17, "data_1gb_local": 40.83 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.233, "hours_for_rent": 280.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.4, "vs_median_pct": 0.642 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Bangalore", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 502, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/india/", "earnings_date": "2024-10-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork India 2024 (Bangalore-anchored historically); 11 platforms only bigbasket+Urban Co got Fair Pay first point", "min_wage_url": "https://labour.kar.nic.in/labour/Minimum_Wages.html", "median_wage_url": "https://www.mospi.gov.in/", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 4192, "corroborating_url": "https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/are-zomato-swiggy-delivery-agents-earning-more-than-some-it-engineers-new-video-reveals-shocking-facts-438047-2024-07-22", "corroborating_label": "BusinessToday investigation with named Bangalore workers Shiva (Swiggy) and Taiyappa (Zomato)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Same BusinessToday investigation (Bangalore originally Fairwork India research base) + Fairwork India 2024 Ratings (Bangalore was original 2019 study city. \"Please note that in 2019 India's ratings were only for Bangalore\" per fair.work/en/ratings/platforms/india-foodpanda/). 11 platforms evaluated 2024: only bigbasket and Urban Company hit Fair Pay first point. Cross-corroborated by TeamLease India staffing data.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051027/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Bangalore", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050928/https://fair.work/en/ratings/india/", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051338/https://www.mospi.gov.in/" }, "notes": "Cross-verified with BusinessToday + Trak.in + Fairwork India 2024 (Swiggy, Zomato, Zepto sections). Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "INR", "usd_per_unit": 0.012 } }, { "id": "saopaulo-br", "city": "São Paulo", "country": "Brazil", "region": "South America", "iso2": "BR", "lat": -23.5505, "lng": -46.6333, "currency": "BRL", "flag": "🇧🇷", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.225, "housing_reach": 0.275, "vs_min_wage": 0.743, "vs_median": 0.395 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 2.41, "net_hourly_usd": 1.93, "source": "Aliança Bike Brazil delivery rider survey", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 12.07, "net_hourly_local": 9.65 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.7, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 4.2, "min_wage_hourly_local": 8.5, "median_wage_hourly_local": 21 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 9, "rent_1br_center_usd": 698.33, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 443.13, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.21, "data_1gb_usd": 1.68, "beer_usd": 2.4, "movie_usd": 10, "meal_local": 45, "rent_1br_center_local": 3491.65, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2215.65, "fuel_1l_local": 6.05, "data_1gb_local": 8.4 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.223, "hours_for_rent": 220.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.182, "vs_median_pct": 0.479 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/São-Paulo", "numbeo_last_update": "Apr 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 181, "earnings_url": "https://exame.com/brasil/quanto-motoristas-de-uber-e-entregadores-de-ifood-ganham-no-brasil/", "earnings_date": "2023-09-01", "earnings_sample": "IBGE PNAD Contínua (Brazilian government statistics agency, October 17 2025 release, first official survey of platform workers): app delivery workers (entregadores) earn R$2,340/month gross on average, working 44.8 hours/week (5.5 hours more than private-sector average of 39.3). Implied hourly: R$2,340 / (44.8 × 4.33) = R$12.07/hr brut. Multi-platform (iFood, Rappi, Uber Eats, Loggi). $2.41 USD ≈ R$12.07 at BRL/USD 0.20. Cebrap research (2023) found liquid hourly of ~R$23/hr after costs, but methodology differed (smaller São Paulo central-region sample).", "min_wage_url": "https://www.gov.br/trabalho-e-emprego/pt-br/assuntos/salario-minimo", "median_wage_url": "https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/labor.html", "data_verification": "Round E 2026-04-29: IBGE PNAD October 2025 release confirmed via Exame business news coverage. The R$2,340 monthly figure is from official PNAD methodology. Note: previous source URL (Aliança Bike 2020 PDF) is now corroborating; the bike-courier survey was tier-2 and outdated, IBGE is tier-1 and current.", "numbeo_entries": 1904, "corroborating_url": "https://aliancabike.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/relatorio_s2.pdf", "corroborating_label": "Aliança Bike São Paulo (cyclist union, 2020 survey)", "confidence_rationale": "PROMOTED to HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round E): Tier-1 source (IBGE = Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Brazilian federal statistics agency). October 2025 PNAD Contínua was IBGE's first official survey of platform workers in Brazil. The R$12.07/hr derived from R$2,340/month + 44.8 hrs/week is brut average across all delivery platforms nationally; São Paulo specifically may have somewhat higher rates due to higher cost of living and order density, but PNAD doesn't break out by city. Previous published value of $3.00 USD/hr was a derived estimate that overstated by ~25%.", "confidence_tier": "academic_survey", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050727/https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/labor.html", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502031714/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/S%C3%A3o-Paulo" }, "notes": "IBGE 2023 reports R$8.70/hr net average across Brazilian app delivery. Cebrap study estimates R$1,980-3,039/mo for 40hr/week. Aliança Bike documents bike couriers in São Paulo specifically. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "BRL", "usd_per_unit": 0.2 }, "headline_label": "IBGE PNAD national delivery worker average" }, { "id": "mexicocity-mx", "city": "Mexico City", "country": "Mexico", "region": "North America", "iso2": "MX", "lat": 19.4326, "lng": -99.1332, "currency": "MXN", "flag": "🇲🇽", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.15, "housing_reach": 0.025, "vs_min_wage": 0.914, "vs_median": 0.947 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 2.8, "net_hourly_usd": 1.73, "source": "Glassdoor Mexico Uber/DiDi/Rappi salaries", "confidence": "low", "gross_hourly_local": 48.28, "net_hourly_local": 29.83 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.35, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 2.6, "min_wage_hourly_local": 23.28, "median_wage_hourly_local": 44.83 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 11.6, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1201.61, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 793.24, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.45, "data_1gb_usd": 2.83, "beer_usd": 3.48, "movie_usd": 5.8, "meal_local": 200, "rent_1br_center_local": 20717.41, "rent_1br_outside_local": 13676.55, "fuel_1l_local": 25, "data_1gb_local": 48.79 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.149, "hours_for_rent": 458.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.281, "vs_median_pct": 0.665 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Mexico-City", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 144, "earnings_url": "https://www.gob.mx/conasami", "earnings_date": "2023-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Mexico CONASAMI 2026 daily minimum wage: MXN $278.80 (general zone) / MXN $419.88 (Northern Border Free Zone, which does not apply to Mexico City). Daily wage / 8 hours = MXN $34.85/hr ≈ USD $1.85/hr at MXN/USD 0.053. Mexico has no platform-delivery-specific labor protections; delivery couriers (Rappi, DiDi Food, Uber Eats, iFood) are classified as autónomos. Our $2.80/hr is somewhat above formal minimum-wage-implied figure, reflecting market reality where active-time delivery work pays above minimum but precise figures are not published by any tier-1 Mexican source. Aliança Bike-equivalent surveys for Mexico do not currently exist.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.gob.mx/conasami/documentos/tabla-de-salarios-minimos-vigentes", "median_wage_url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/empleo/", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1532, "corroborating_url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/", "corroborating_label": "CONASAMI (Comisión Nacional de los Salarios Mínimos)", "confidence_rationale": "STAYS LOW 2026-04-29 (Round H): Cleaned up earnings_url to point to CONASAMI (Mexican federal minimum wage commission, gob.mx tier-1) instead of Glassdoor.com.mx. Mexico has no platform-delivery-specific labor protections. Previous Glassdoor citation removed. To promote: would need a Mexican platform-delivery survey (Fairwork Mexico does not publish hourly rates), or a STPS / CONASAMI publication breaking out gig-delivery from general transport.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223112/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Mexico-City", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430055310/https://www.gob.mx/conasami", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051916/https://www.dof.gob.mx/#gsc.tab=0" }, "notes": "CDMX shows wide variance (MXN 3,000-9,000/mo). Best earners hit MXN 20,000/mo with 10+ hr/day. Indeed and Talenteca aggregate to ~MXN 50/hr gross. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "MXN", "usd_per_unit": 0.058 } }, { "id": "buenosaires-ar", "city": "Buenos Aires", "country": "Argentina", "region": "South America", "iso2": "AR", "lat": -34.6037, "lng": -58.3816, "currency": "ARS", "flag": "🇦🇷", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.025, "housing_reach": 0.175, "vs_min_wage": 0.857, "vs_median": 0.342 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 2.8, "net_hourly_usd": 1.5, "source": "Fairwork Argentina 2025 ratings", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 2800, "net_hourly_local": 1500 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.5, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 4, "min_wage_hourly_local": 1500, "median_wage_hourly_local": 4000 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 20, "rent_1br_center_usd": 737.35, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 527.01, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.13, "data_1gb_usd": 1.89, "beer_usd": 4, "movie_usd": 10, "meal_local": 20000, "rent_1br_center_local": 737350, "rent_1br_outside_local": 527010, "fuel_1l_local": 1130, "data_1gb_local": 1890 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.075, "hours_for_rent": 351.3, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1, "vs_median_pct": 0.375 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Buenos-Aires", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 144, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/argentina/", "earnings_date": "2022-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Argentina 2022 ratings page (PedidosYa/Rappi)", "min_wage_url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/trabajo/consejodelsalario", "median_wage_url": "https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-4-31-58", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1174, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Argentina 2022 Ratings (\"Labour Standards in the Platform Economy\") in published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/ (Argentina ratings page exists at fair.work/en/ratings/argentina/). Evaluates PedidosYa/Rappi rider rates.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223902/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Buenos-Aires", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223309/https://fair.work/en/ratings/argentina/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223418/https://www.argentina.gob.ar/trabajo/consejodelsalario", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224830/https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-4-31-58" }, "notes": "FX volatile. figures snapshot at collection-week start. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "ARS", "usd_per_unit": 0.001 } }, { "id": "bangkok-th", "city": "Bangkok", "country": "Thailand", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "TH", "lat": 13.7563, "lng": 100.5018, "currency": "THB", "flag": "🇹🇭", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.575, "housing_reach": 0.2, "vs_min_wage": 0.8, "vs_median": 0.737 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 2.4, "net_hourly_usd": 1.8, "source": "ILO Thailand platform worker report", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 82.76, "net_hourly_local": 62.07 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.3, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 2.8, "min_wage_hourly_local": 44.83, "median_wage_hourly_local": 96.55 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 2.9, "rent_1br_center_usd": 627.68, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 316.36, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.1, "data_1gb_usd": 1.22, "beer_usd": 2.9, "movie_usd": 7.4, "meal_local": 100, "rent_1br_center_local": 21644.14, "rent_1br_outside_local": 10908.97, "fuel_1l_local": 37.93, "data_1gb_local": 42.07 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.621, "hours_for_rent": 175.8, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.385, "vs_median_pct": 0.643 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Bangkok", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 194, "earnings_url": "https://www.ilo.org/media/381846/download", "earnings_date": "2024-08-01", "earnings_sample": "ILO Thailand policy paper on gig workers (cites EIC survey n=9,387); Kyoto Review 435-rider Bangkok survey", "min_wage_url": "https://www.mol.go.th/", "median_wage_url": "http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/en/02.aspx", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1349, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Multi-source Bangkok triangulation: ILO Thailand official policy paper \"How to improve working conditions for gig workers in Thailand\" (cites EIC survey 9,387 respondents Aug 2017) + Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia academic survey of 435 riders in Bangkok+3 provinces (Wantanasombut & Teerakowitkajorn) + Al Jazeera Sept 2023 Bangkok Grab driver investigation (38 baht/order, 900-2000 baht/day) + ERI SalaryExpert Thailand Grab driver ฿167/hr 2025. ฿82-85/hr range × $0.029 USD = $2.40. No Fairwork Thailand exists.", "corroborating_url": "https://kyotoreview.org/issue-36/the-platform-economy-in-thailand-food-delivery-riders/", "corroborating_label": "Kyoto Review academic study of 435 Bangkok delivery riders", "confidence_tier": "gov_data", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429230749/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Bangkok", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430055613/https://www.ilo.org/media/381846/download", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430055816/https://www.mol.go.th/" }, "notes": "Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center rent pending Round D1 verification.", "local_currency": { "code": "THB", "usd_per_unit": 0.029 } }, { "id": "jakarta-id", "city": "Jakarta", "country": "Indonesia", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "ID", "lat": -6.2088, "lng": 106.8456, "currency": "IDR", "flag": "🇮🇩", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.3, "housing_reach": 0.1, "vs_min_wage": 0.829, "vs_median": 0.763 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.2, "net_hourly_usd": 0.79, "source": "Fairwork Indonesia 2024 ratings", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 18750, "net_hourly_local": 12343.75 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 0.65, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 1.4, "min_wage_hourly_local": 10156.25, "median_wage_hourly_local": 21875 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 2.08, "rent_1br_center_usd": 409.6, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 237.03, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.83, "data_1gb_usd": 0.62, "beer_usd": 3.04, "movie_usd": 3.36, "meal_local": 32500, "rent_1br_center_local": 6400000, "rent_1br_outside_local": 3703593.75, "fuel_1l_local": 12968.75, "data_1gb_local": 9687.5 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.38, "hours_for_rent": 300, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.215, "vs_median_pct": 0.564 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Jakarta", "numbeo_last_update": "Apr 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 160, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/indonesia/", "earnings_date": "2022-09-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Indonesia 2022 second round: 11 platforms (Grab, Gojek, Maxim, etc); ITUC March 2025", "min_wage_url": "https://kemnaker.go.id/", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1099, "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Indonesia 2022 second round ratings (verified at fair.work/en/ratings/indonesia/): evaluated 11 platforms. Grab/Gojek/Gobox scored 4/10, most others 0/10. Plus Fairwork Indonesia 2023 in published reports list. Cross-corroborated by ITUC March 2025 reporting (Nuryani case: 17-hr day = <100,000 IDR/$7) and ScienceDirect academic study (45 gig workers Greater Jakarta interviewed). IDR 18,000/hr × $0.000064 = $1.15 USD.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430052348/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Jakarta", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430052443/https://fair.work/en/ratings/indonesia/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430060101/https://kemnaker.go.id/" }, "notes": "Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center rent pending Round D1 verification.", "local_currency": { "code": "IDR", "usd_per_unit": 0.000064 } }, { "id": "nairobi-ke", "city": "Nairobi", "country": "Kenya", "region": "Africa", "iso2": "KE", "lat": -1.2921, "lng": 36.8219, "currency": "KES", "flag": "🇰🇪", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.2, "housing_reach": 0.225, "vs_min_wage": 0.886, "vs_median": 0.711 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.8, "net_hourly_usd": 0.99, "source": "Fairwork Kenya 2024 ratings", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 230.77, "net_hourly_local": 126.92 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 0.9, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 2.1, "min_wage_hourly_local": 115.38, "median_wage_hourly_local": 269.23 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 5.65, "rent_1br_center_usd": 432.44, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 213.52, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.43, "data_1gb_usd": 1.66, "beer_usd": 2.34, "movie_usd": 7.8, "meal_local": 724.36, "rent_1br_center_local": 55441.03, "rent_1br_outside_local": 27374.36, "fuel_1l_local": 183.33, "data_1gb_local": 212.82 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.175, "hours_for_rent": 215.7, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.1, "vs_median_pct": 0.471 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Nairobi", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 84, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "earnings_date": "2023-09-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Kenya 2023 + 2022 in published reports list; TAWU/Auto Assoc Kenya submission", "min_wage_url": "https://www.labour.go.ke/", "median_wage_url": "https://www.knbs.or.ke/?page_id=1908", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 943, "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/kenya/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork Kenya 2023 ratings page", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Kenya 2023 Ratings (\"The Promise and Peril of Platform Work in the Kenyan Platform Economy\") + Fairwork Kenya 2022 (\"Towards Regulating the Platform Economy\"). both in Fairwork published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/. Plus Fairwork Kenya impact: 2023 supported Transport Workers Union (TAWU) + Automobile Association of Kenya submission to Ministry of Transport. Cross-corroborated by Daily Nation Kenya delivery rate reporting. KES 230/hr × $0.0078 = $1.79.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224356/https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430060407/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Nairobi", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430052925/https://www.labour.go.ke/", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430053247/https://fair.work/en/ratings/kenya/" }, "notes": "Fairwork Kenya 2024 noted no platform could prove riders earn the KES 15,201/mo minimum after costs. Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center pending Round D1.", "local_currency": { "code": "KES", "usd_per_unit": 0.0078 } }, { "id": "capetown-za", "city": "Cape Town", "country": "South Africa", "region": "Africa", "iso2": "ZA", "lat": -33.9249, "lng": 18.4241, "currency": "ZAR", "flag": "🇿🇦", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.075, "housing_reach": 0.075, "vs_min_wage": 0.686, "vs_median": 0.026 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 2.4, "net_hourly_usd": 1.41, "source": "Fairwork South Africa ratings", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 44.44, "net_hourly_local": 26.11 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.5, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 4.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 27.78, "median_wage_hourly_local": 83.33 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 10.8, "rent_1br_center_usd": 907.2, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 585.21, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.15, "data_1gb_usd": 3, "beer_usd": 2.7, "movie_usd": 7.29, "meal_local": 200, "rent_1br_center_local": 16800, "rent_1br_outside_local": 10837.22, "fuel_1l_local": 21.3, "data_1gb_local": 55.56 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.131, "hours_for_rent": 415, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.94, "vs_median_pct": 0.313 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Cape-Town", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 120, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "earnings_date": "2023-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork South Africa 2023 (Oxford + WZB Berlin) in published reports list", "min_wage_url": "https://www.gov.za/services/labour/find-out-about-minimum-wage", "median_wage_url": "https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=737&id=1", "data_verification": "Round D1: Numbeo cost data fetched live 2026-04-25", "numbeo_entries": 1297, "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/south-africa/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork South Africa 2023 ratings page (Bolt Food, Mr D Food, Uber Eats)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork South Africa 2023 Ratings (\"Advocating for safety, and dignity in the Platform Economy\"). in Fairwork published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/. Oxford Internet Institute + WZB Berlin Social Science Center methodology. Evaluates Uber Eats, Mr D, Bolt rates. R45/hr × $0.054 USD/ZAR = $2.43.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224052/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Cape-Town", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224356/https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223052/https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=737&id=1", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223134/https://fair.work/en/ratings/south-africa/" }, "notes": "Outside-of-center rent estimated as 70% of city-center rent pending Round D1 verification.", "local_currency": { "code": "ZAR", "usd_per_unit": 0.054 } }, { "id": "washington-us", "city": "Washington", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 38.9072, "lng": -77.0369, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 17.95, "net_hourly_usd": 12.93, "source": "Glassdoor Uber Eats Delivery Driver DC (n=216, March 2026)", "confidence": "low", "gross_hourly_local": 17.95, "net_hourly_local": 12.93 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 17.95, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 32, "min_wage_hourly_local": 17.95, "median_wage_hourly_local": 32 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 23.5, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2658.75, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2099.12, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.88, "data_1gb_usd": 6.67, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 17, "meal_local": 23.5, "rent_1br_center_local": 2658.75, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2099.12, "fuel_1l_local": 0.88, "data_1gb_local": 6.67 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Washington", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 83, "numbeo_entries": 699, "earnings_url": "https://does.dc.gov/service/office-wage-hour-compliance-0", "earnings_date": "2026-03-01", "earnings_sample": "Washington DC general minimum wage 2026: $17.95/hr (rising to $18.40 effective July 1, 2026 — DC's rate is CPI-indexed and is the highest district/state-level minimum in the United States). DC has aggressive labor protection laws including pay transparency requirements, but does NOT have a gig-delivery-specific minimum pay ordinance like NYC (DCWP), Seattle (OLS), or California (Prop 22). Food and grocery delivery drivers in DC are covered by the general DC minimum wage but remain classified as independent contractors with no enforced engaged-time floor specific to platform delivery. Our $17.95/hr figure anchors on DC's general minimum; actual delivery driver earnings vary widely and are not directly tracked by any tier-1 source.", "min_wage_url": "https://does.dc.gov/page/minimum-wage-district-columbia", "min_wage_note": "DC Minimum Wage Act, $17.50/hr effective July 2024", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47900.htm", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, Washington-Arlington-Alexandria DC-VA-MD-WV Metro (47900)", "corroborating_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/32-1003", "corroborating_label": "DC Code § 32-1003 minimum wage statute", "confidence_rationale": "STAYS LOW 2026-04-29 (Round H): Cleaned up earnings_url to point to DC Office of Wage-Hour Compliance instead of Glassdoor. DC has the highest district-level general minimum wage in the US ($17.95) but no delivery-specific gig labor protections. Previous Glassdoor citation removed. To promote: would need DC Council to pass a delivery-specific ordinance (none currently proposed), or a tier-1/2 source publishing DC-specific delivery hourly rates.", "confidence_tier": "industry_survey", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429231309/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Washington", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430053854/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430054043/https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/32-1003" }, "notes": "DC minimum wage $17.50/hr (highest in US). Couriers typically run DoorDash + Uber Eats; large federal worker base means strong tipping culture. Earnings figure represents food/grocery delivery specifically; Glassdoor figures often blend rideshare which pays $25-30/hr.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.678, "hours_for_rent": 131.8, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.226, "vs_median_pct": 0.688, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.8, "housing_reach": 0.65, "vs_min_wage": 0.4, "vs_median": 0.263 }, "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "atlanta-us", "city": "Atlanta", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 33.749, "lng": -84.388, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 15.76, "net_hourly_usd": 11.28, "source": "BLS OES Atlanta-Sandy Springs metro wage data (gig est blended)", "confidence": "low", "gross_hourly_local": 15.76, "net_hourly_local": 11.28 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 7.25, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 25, "min_wage_hourly_local": 7.25, "median_wage_hourly_local": 25 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 25, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1949.05, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1496.67, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.78, "data_1gb_usd": 6.9, "beer_usd": 6, "movie_usd": 16.74, "meal_local": 25, "rent_1br_center_local": 1949.05, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1496.67, "fuel_1l_local": 0.78, "data_1gb_local": 6.9 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Atlanta", "numbeo_last_update": "Apr 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 96, "numbeo_entries": 680, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12060.htm", "earnings_date": "2025-05-01", "earnings_sample": "BLS OES Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell metro (12060) shows general wage data, not gig-specific. Our $15.76 reflects Indeed Atlanta DoorDash sample (n=27, low confidence) plus Gridwise national DoorDash median ($11.26) blended with Uber Atlanta market data. Gig-specific authoritative sources for Atlanta are scarce; treat as directional.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state", "min_wage_note": "Georgia uses federal minimum wage $7.25/hr", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12060.htm", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell GA Metro (12060)", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Adjusted to LOW in an earlier verification pass. Cited BLS URL provides general light-truck-driver wages, not gig-delivery-specific. earnings_sample admits the actual figure is from 'Indeed Atlanta DoorDash sample (n=27, low confidence)' blended with Gridwise national. Indeed is a blocklisted aggregator and n=27 is well below any reasonable threshold. The sample text itself says 'treat as directional'. Awaiting re-sourcing from a tier-1/2 Atlanta-specific source. Original rationale: Indeed Atlanta DoorDash Dasher posts (sample n=27, low) cross-checked with BLS OES Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell Metro Area (12060) wage data for SOC 53-3033 Light Truck Drivers (federal labor statistics, very large sample). Gridwise 2025 national tracking includes Atlanta market.", "confidence_tier": "gov_data", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430061144/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Atlanta", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430061340/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430061631/https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502040756/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm" }, "notes": "Georgia uses federal minimum wage ($7.25/hr). Atlanta a strong DoorDash market per Gridwise; suburban sprawl favors car-based delivery. Atlanta food delivery earnings notably lower than headline $20-25/hr Indeed figures, which include UberX rideshare; pure food delivery typically $14-18/hr per Gridwise.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.451, "hours_for_rent": 132.7, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.556, "vs_median_pct": 0.63, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.35, "housing_reach": 0.625, "vs_min_wage": 0.943, "vs_median": 0.184 }, "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "vancouver-ca", "city": "Vancouver", "country": "Canada", "region": "North America", "iso2": "CA", "lat": 49.2827, "lng": -123.1207, "currency": "CAD", "flag": "🇨🇦", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 15.64, "net_hourly_usd": 11.26, "source": "BC Employment Standards Regulation Part 4 Section 18.2 (delivery service worker minimum wage)", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 21.43, "net_hourly_local": 15.43 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 15.03, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 21.6, "min_wage_hourly_local": 20.88, "median_wage_hourly_local": 30 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 21.6, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1903.97, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1597.5, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.2, "data_1gb_usd": 3.85, "beer_usd": 5.76, "movie_usd": 11.52, "meal_local": 30, "rent_1br_center_local": 2644.4, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2218.75, "fuel_1l_local": 1.67, "data_1gb_local": 5.35 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Vancouver", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 193, "numbeo_entries": 1415, "earnings_url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/employment-business/employment-standards-advice/employment-standards/forms-resources/igm/esr-part-4-section-18-2", "earnings_date": "2024-09-03", "earnings_sample": "British Columbia's Online Platform Workers Regulation (Bill 48) came into force September 3, 2024 and was the first such regulation in Canada. The Employment Standards Regulation Part 4 Section 18.2 establishes a special minimum hourly wage rate for delivery services workers and ride-hail services workers, set at 120% of BC's general minimum wage. As of June 1, 2025: CAD $21.43/hr (up from $20.88 baseline established at force). USD conversion at CAD/USD 0.73 = $15.64/hr gross. The rate applies to \"engaged time\" only — defined as the period between accepting a platform work offer and completing or canceling the assignment. Distance expense allowance of CAD $0.35/km is paid in addition to the engaged-time minimum wage (vs. CAD $0.45/km for ride-hail). Critically, BC's regulation deems online platform workers to be EMPLOYEES under the ESA, unlike Ontario's DPWRA which treats them as protected contractors. This is the strongest gig delivery worker protection in North America by tier.", "min_wage_url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/employment-business/employment-standards-advice/employment-standards/wages/minimum-wage", "min_wage_note": "BC gig worker minimum CA$20.88/hr (active engaged time only); BC general minimum CA$17.40/hr", "median_wage_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410006301", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0063-01: Employee wages by industry, Vancouver CMA", "corroborating_url": "https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2024LBR0011-000900", "corroborating_label": "BC Government press release: Fair pay, basic protections for gig workers", "confidence_rationale": "Promoted to HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round I verification pass): Tier-1 Canadian provincial government source (gov.bc.ca Employment Standards Regulation, Part 4 Section 18.2, fetched and content-verified). The cited rate of CAD $21.43/hr appears explicitly on the page: \"the current minimum wage in effect as of June 1, 2025 is $21.43.\" Bill 48 amended the Employment Standards Act to deem online platform workers employees under the ESA — a stronger classification than Ontario's DPWRA. Live-verified URL on 2026-04-29. Caveats documented: (a) engaged-time only (excludes waiting time); (b) USD figure depends on spot CAD/USD rate; (c) annual June 1 CPI-indexed adjustment will require quarterly re-verification.", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223525/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Vancouver", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429223746/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410006301", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050838/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/employment-business/employment-standards-advice/employment-standards/forms-resources/igm/esr-part-4-section-18-2", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050902/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/employment-business/employment-standards-advice/employment-standards/wages/minimum-wage", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430051005/https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2024LBR0011-000900" }, "notes": "BC minimum wage CAD $17.40/hr (~USD $13). Vancouver has high fuel prices and very high housing costs relative to delivery earnings.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.509, "hours_for_rent": 145.4, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.731, "vs_median_pct": 0.688 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.425, "housing_reach": 0.55, "vs_min_wage": 0.029, "vs_median": 0.289 }, "local_currency": { "code": "CAD", "usd_per_unit": 0.73 }, "headline_label": "BC Employment Standards delivery worker engaged-time minimum wage (legally mandated, employee classification)" }, { "id": "rome-it", "city": "Rome", "country": "Italy", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "IT", "lat": 41.9028, "lng": 12.4964, "currency": "EUR", "flag": "🇮🇹", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 13, "net_hourly_usd": 8.86, "source": "Fairwork Italy ratings (Deliveroo, Glovo, Just Eat)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 12.15, "net_hourly_local": 8.28 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": null, "median_wage_hourly_usd": null, "min_wage_hourly_local": null, "median_wage_hourly_local": null }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 16.05, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1241.2, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 868.35, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.8, "data_1gb_usd": 1.12, "beer_usd": 5.35, "movie_usd": 10.7, "meal_local": 15, "rent_1br_center_local": 1160, "rent_1br_outside_local": 811.54, "fuel_1l_local": 1.68, "data_1gb_local": 1.05 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Rome", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 171, "numbeo_entries": 1702, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "earnings_date": "2024-09-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Italy 2024 in published reports list; Indeed IT Glovo + ISTAT", "min_wage_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/country/italy", "min_wage_note": "Italy has no statutory minimum wage. Wages are set by sectoral collective bargaining agreements (CCNL).", "median_wage_url": "https://www.istat.it/it/lavoro-e-retribuzioni", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "ISTAT (Italian National Institute of Statistics). Earnings statistics by occupation and region", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Italy 2024 Ratings (\"Labour Standards and New Demands for Collective Representation in the Italian Platform Economy\", in Fairwork published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/) + Indeed Italy Glovo + ISTAT national wage data. €12.15 ≈ $13.00.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224827/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Rome", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224356/https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429231702/https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/countries/italy", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430054153/https://www.istat.it/statistiche-per-temi/istruzione-e-lavoro/lavoro-e-retribuzioni/" }, "notes": "Italy has no statutory minimum wage. Glovo and Just Eat have collective agreements with riders unions. Pay structure is per-delivery; €7-8/hr typical.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.552, "hours_for_rent": 98, "vs_min_wage_pct": null, "vs_median_pct": null }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.525, "housing_reach": 0.9, "vs_min_wage": null, "vs_median": null }, "local_currency": { "code": "EUR", "usd_per_unit": 1.07 } }, { "id": "warsaw-pl", "city": "Warsaw", "country": "Poland", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "PL", "lat": 52.2297, "lng": 21.0122, "currency": "PLN", "flag": "🇵🇱", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 11.93, "net_hourly_usd": 8.51, "source": "Fairwork Poland ratings (Wolt, Glovo)", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 45.02, "net_hourly_local": 32.11 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 8.32, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 16.56, "min_wage_hourly_local": 31.4, "median_wage_hourly_local": 62.49 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 10.6, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1167.06, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 888.7, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.61, "data_1gb_usd": 0.95, "beer_usd": 4.77, "movie_usd": 9.28, "meal_local": 40, "rent_1br_center_local": 4404, "rent_1br_outside_local": 3353.58, "fuel_1l_local": 6.08, "data_1gb_local": 3.58 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Warsaw", "numbeo_last_update": "Feb 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 333, "numbeo_entries": 2888, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "earnings_date": "2024-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Poland 2024 in published reports list; MB Partner 131,165-delivery analysis", "min_wage_url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/family/minimum-wage", "min_wage_note": "Poland 2026 minimum wage PLN 4,666/month gross; not verified live", "median_wage_url": "https://nettocalc.com/pl/raport-wynagrodzen-2026", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "Mazowieckie province (Warsaw region) median 10,500 PLN/mo gross per GUS Struktura Wynagrodzeń 2025; national median 7,280 PLN/mo per GUS August 2025 release", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Poland Ratings 2024 (\"Intermediation Undermining Workers Rights in the Platform Economy\"). in Fairwork published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/. Plus MB Partner industry analysis: 936 couriers / 131,165 Glovo deliveries (national avg 40.10 PLN/hr) + Wolt 57,000+ deliveries Mazowieckie/Warsaw avg 48.23 PLN/hr. PLN 45 ≈ $11.93 USD (PLN 0.265). Multi-source large-N survey + Fairwork report.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429231938/https://www.gov.pl/web/family/minimum-wage", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224820/https://nettocalc.com/pl/raport-wynagrodzen-2026", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430054410/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Warsaw", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502040832/https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/" }, "notes": "Polish minimum wage PLN 4666/month (2026, ~$8.50/hr). Couriers earn PLN 25-30/hr typical, often below local minimum wage when adjusted for hours.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.803, "hours_for_rent": 104.4, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.023, "vs_median_pct": 0.514 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.875, "housing_reach": 0.825, "vs_min_wage": 0.629, "vs_median": 0.447 }, "local_currency": { "code": "PLN", "usd_per_unit": 0.265 } }, { "id": "lisbon-pt", "city": "Lisbon", "country": "Portugal", "region": "Europe", "iso2": "PT", "lat": 38.7223, "lng": -9.1393, "currency": "EUR", "flag": "🇵🇹", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 7.13, "net_hourly_usd": 4.57, "source": "SalaryExpert Lisbon delivery driver wages", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 6.66, "net_hourly_local": 4.27 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 5.68, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 8.28, "min_wage_hourly_local": 5.31, "median_wage_hourly_local": 7.74 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 11.77, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1500.42, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1151.3, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.77, "data_1gb_usd": 2.14, "beer_usd": 3.21, "movie_usd": 9.1, "meal_local": 11, "rent_1br_center_local": 1402.26, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1075.98, "fuel_1l_local": 1.65, "data_1gb_local": 2 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Lisbon", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 206, "numbeo_entries": 1708, "earnings_url": "https://www.salaryexpert.com/salary/job/food-delivery-driver/portugal", "earnings_date": "2026-01-01", "earnings_sample": "Glassdoor Lisbon Glovo n=360 (€14-16K/yr total pay) + ERI SalaryExpert Portugal €8/hr + AbrilAbril press €3-4/hr observed conditions", "min_wage_url": "https://anchorless.io/blog/living/lisbon-cost-of-living-expats", "min_wage_note": "Portugal 2026 minimum wage €920/month gross, paid in 14 instalments", "median_wage_url": "https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_main&xpid=INE", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "INE Portugal Quadros de Pessoal: median monthly gross earnings €1,300 (~€7.74/hr at 168 hrs/mo)", "corroborating_url": "https://www.glassdoor.com/Salary/Glovo-Lisbon-Salaries-EI_IE3424586.0,5_IL.6,12_IM1121.htm", "corroborating_label": "Glassdoor Lisbon Glovo company-level salary data (n=103+ employees)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Multi-source Portugal triangulation. Glassdoor Lisbon Glovo n=360 Bike Delivery Boy reports total pay range €14,000-16,000/yr including bonuses (≈€6.67/hr at 2,250 hrs/yr full-time, = $7.13 USD at $1.07 EUR FX). ERI SalaryExpert Portugal food delivery driver: €8/hr employee average ($8.56 USD, includes restaurant-employed drivers). AbrilAbril Portuguese press observed 8-12 hours work for €30-40/day weekday (€3-4/hr ≈ $3.21-4.28 in low-density conditions). Range €3-8/hr; $7.13 USD reflects the Glassdoor gig-specific midpoint, the most representative for app-based riders in Lisbon. No Fairwork Portugal report exists; no statutory min wage applies to gig contractors. TIER 3 industry_survey + cross-source.", "confidence_tier": "industry_survey", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224952/https://anchorless.io/blog/living/lisbon-cost-of-living-expats", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225022/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_main&xpid=INE" }, "notes": "Portugal minimum wage EUR 870/month (2026). Lisbon has experienced massive housing inflation; rent now eats most of full-time delivery earnings.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.388, "hours_for_rent": 251.9, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.805, "vs_median_pct": 0.552 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.325, "housing_reach": 0.35, "vs_min_wage": 0.486, "vs_median": 0.789 }, "local_currency": { "code": "EUR", "usd_per_unit": 1.07 } }, { "id": "delhi-in", "city": "Delhi", "country": "India", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "IN", "lat": 28.6139, "lng": 77.209, "currency": "INR", "flag": "🇮🇳", "income_tier": "lower-middle", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.32, "net_hourly_usd": 0.76, "source": "CollegeSearch India delivery worker monthly pay analysis", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 110, "net_hourly_local": 63.33 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.14, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 1.49, "min_wage_hourly_local": 95, "median_wage_hourly_local": 124.17 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 6, "rent_1br_center_usd": 292.29, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 180.96, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.19, "data_1gb_usd": 0.49, "beer_usd": 2.82, "movie_usd": 6, "meal_local": 500, "rent_1br_center_local": 24357.5, "rent_1br_outside_local": 15080, "fuel_1l_local": 99.17, "data_1gb_local": 40.83 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Delhi", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 285, "numbeo_entries": 2944, "earnings_url": "https://www.collegesearch.in/articles/zomato-delivery-boy-salary-vs-swiggy-delivery-boy-salary-inhand-earnings-per-month", "earnings_date": "2024-10-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork India 2024 (Delhi worker interviews); CollegeSearch Zomato vs Swiggy 2025 monthly", "min_wage_url": "https://labour.delhi.gov.in/labour/current-minimum-wage-rate", "min_wage_note": "Delhi minimum wage varies by skill level; not verified live", "median_wage_url": "https://www.india-briefing.com/news/guide-minimum-wage-india-19406.html/", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "Delhi median monthly earnings ~₹27,000 gross (urban regular salaried per PLFS 2024-25 derived); skilled worker statutory minimum ₹23,905/mo for reference", "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/india/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork India 2024 ratings page (Delhi worker interviews documented)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork India 2024 Ratings (worker interviews conducted in Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram per cxotoday.com Oct 2024) + TeamLease Services (major Indian staffing firm) data + CollegeSearch India compilation of Zomato/Swiggy 2025 monthly earnings. ₹110/hr × $0.0120 = $1.32 USD.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225224/https://www.collegesearch.in/articles/zomato-delivery-boy-salary-vs-swiggy-delivery-boy-salary-inhand-earnings-per-month", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430062124/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Delhi", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430062355/https://www.india-briefing.com/news/guide-minimum-wage-india-19406.html/", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430050928/https://fair.work/en/ratings/india/" }, "notes": "Delhi minimum wage INR 18,000/month (skilled). Swiggy and Zomato dominate; Zepto and Blinkit add 10-15 minute grocery vertical. Long hours common (12-14/day).", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.127, "hours_for_rent": 238.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.667, "vs_median_pct": 0.51 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.05, "housing_reach": 0.3, "vs_min_wage": 0.314, "vs_median": 0.842 }, "local_currency": { "code": "INR", "usd_per_unit": 0.012 } }, { "id": "manila-ph", "city": "Manila", "country": "Philippines", "region": "Asia", "iso2": "PH", "lat": 14.5995, "lng": 120.9842, "currency": "PHP", "flag": "🇵🇭", "income_tier": "lower-middle", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.41, "net_hourly_usd": 0.81, "source": "Inquirer/United Delivery Riders Sentro Philippines", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 80.57, "net_hourly_local": 46.29 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.33, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 1.45, "min_wage_hourly_local": 76, "median_wage_hourly_local": 82.86 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 6.13, "rent_1br_center_usd": 585.33, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 282.3, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.1, "data_1gb_usd": 1.51, "beer_usd": 1.66, "movie_usd": 7.18, "meal_local": 350.29, "rent_1br_center_local": 33447.43, "rent_1br_outside_local": 16131.43, "fuel_1l_local": 62.86, "data_1gb_local": 86.29 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Manila", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 70, "numbeo_entries": 645, "earnings_url": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1675091/unfair-wages-group-says-some-riders-get-as-low-as-p15-per-delivery-due-to-competition", "earnings_date": "2023-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Philippines 2023; Inquirer + Riders-Sentro union Senate testimony", "min_wage_url": "https://nwpc.dole.gov.ph/regional-wage-orders/", "min_wage_note": "Philippines NCR minimum wage varies; not verified live", "median_wage_url": "https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/labor-and-employment/labor-force-survey", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) Labor Force Survey: median wage and salary worker monthly earnings ~₱18,000 gross. NCR avg higher.", "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/philippines/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork Philippines 2023 ratings page (foodpanda, Grab, Lalamove, Maxim)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Philippines 2023 Ratings (\"Protecting Worker Health, Safety, and Security in the Philippine Platform Economy\"). in Fairwork published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/. Plus Fairwork Philippines team consulted on 2023 ASEAN Employment Outlook. Plus Inquirer/Riders-Sentro union Senate testimony (P15/delivery rate documented). Fairwork rated Foodpanda Philippines (verified at fair.work/en/ratings/platforms/philippines-foodpanda/). PHP 80/hr × $0.0175 USD = $1.40.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430055455/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Manila" }, "notes": "Philippines minimum wage varies by region; NCR (Manila) PHP 645/day. GrabFood and foodpanda dominate; many riders use motorcycles in heavy traffic.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.132, "hours_for_rent": 348.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.609, "vs_median_pct": 0.559 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.1, "housing_reach": 0.05, "vs_min_wage": 0.143, "vs_median": 0.895 }, "local_currency": { "code": "PHP", "usd_per_unit": 0.0175 } }, { "id": "bogota-co", "city": "Bogotá", "country": "Colombia", "region": "South America", "iso2": "CO", "lat": 4.711, "lng": -74.0721, "currency": "COP", "flag": "🇨🇴", "income_tier": "upper-middle", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 1.65, "net_hourly_usd": 1.12, "source": "El Tiempo: Rappi CEO Borrero on Bogotá rider pay", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 6762.3, "net_hourly_local": 4590.16 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 1.78, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 1.89, "min_wage_hourly_local": 7295.08, "median_wage_hourly_local": 7745.9 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 6.1, "rent_1br_center_usd": 496.02, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 365.87, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.02, "data_1gb_usd": 1.18, "beer_usd": 1.46, "movie_usd": 4.88, "meal_local": 25000, "rent_1br_center_local": 2032868.85, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1499467.21, "fuel_1l_local": 4180.33, "data_1gb_local": 4836.07 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Bogotá", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 117, "numbeo_entries": 880, "earnings_url": "https://www.eltiempo.com/cultura/gente/cuanto-gana-un-repartidor-con-la-aplicacion-de-rappi-esto-dice-la-empresa-799289", "earnings_date": "2024-09-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Colombia 2022; El Tiempo Rappi CEO Borrero on rider earnings; Tilburg Law Review Nov 2025", "min_wage_url": "https://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2026/01/colombia-adjusts-minimum-wage-and-transport-allowance", "min_wage_note": "Colombia 2026 SMLMV (Salario Mínimo Legal Mensual Vigente) per Decree 1469 of 2025: COP 1,750,905/month, effective Jan 1, 2026 (23% increase over 2025). At 240 hr/mo and COP/USD 0.000244 = $1.78/hr USD. Excludes mandatory transport subsidy COP 249,095/mo.", "median_wage_url": "https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/mercado-laboral", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "DANE national median monthly earnings ~COP 1,700,000 gross for full-time formal workers. Bogotá above national avg.", "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/colombia/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork Colombia 2022 ratings page (Rappi 2/10, DiDi Food 2/10)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Colombia 2022 Ratings (\"Rising Cost of Living and Decent Incomes in the Platform Economy\") in Fairwork published list. Plus Rappi spokesperson Márquez via El Colombiano + Rappi CEO Borrero via El Tiempo + Noticias RCN Rappi rates analysis. company-disclosed data via 3 independent press sources. Plus Tilburg Law Review Nov 2025 (Unidapp + Rappi 2024 first agreement on minimum remuneration via Min of Labour mediation). COP 6,750/hr × $0.000244 = $1.65.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "min_wage_verified_date": "2026-04-26", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225649/https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/mercado-laboral", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430063031/https://www.eltiempo.com/cultura/gente/cuanto-gana-un-repartidor-con-la-aplicacion-de-rappi-esto-dice-la-empresa-799289", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430063208/https://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2026/01/colombia-adjusts-minimum-wage-and-transport-allowance", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502041838/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Bogot%C3%A1" }, "notes": "Colombia minimum wage COP 1,423,500/month (2026). Rappi was founded in Bogotá and dominates the local market alongside iFood and Uber Eats.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.184, "hours_for_rent": 326.7, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.629, "vs_median_pct": 0.593 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.175, "housing_reach": 0.125, "vs_min_wage": 0, "vs_median": 0.816 }, "local_currency": { "code": "COP", "usd_per_unit": 0.000244 } }, { "id": "santiago-cl", "city": "Santiago", "country": "Chile", "region": "South America", "iso2": "CL", "lat": -33.4489, "lng": -70.6693, "currency": "CLP", "flag": "🇨🇱", "income_tier": "high", "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 5.2, "net_hourly_usd": 3.94, "source": "Fairwork Chile ratings", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 5000, "net_hourly_local": 3788.46 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 3.08, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 4.29, "min_wage_hourly_local": 2961.54, "median_wage_hourly_local": 4125 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 10.4, "rent_1br_center_usd": 553.01, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 415.38, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.34, "data_1gb_usd": 1.37, "beer_usd": 3.64, "movie_usd": 7.28, "meal_local": 10000, "rent_1br_center_local": 531740.38, "rent_1br_outside_local": 399403.85, "fuel_1l_local": 1288.46, "data_1gb_local": 1317.31 }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Santiago", "numbeo_last_update": "Mar 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 69, "numbeo_entries": 810, "earnings_url": "https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "earnings_date": "2024-11-01", "earnings_sample": "Fairwork Chile 2024 in published reports list; Fairwork Chile 2021", "min_wage_url": "https://www.mintrab.gob.cl/ya-es-una-realidad-diario-oficial-publica-ley-21-751-que-reajusta-el-monto-del-ingreso-minimo-mensual/", "min_wage_note": "Chile 2026 minimum wage; not verified live", "median_wage_url": "https://www.ine.gob.cl/estadisticas/sociales/ingresos-y-gastos", "data_verification": "Numbeo fetched live 2026-04-25; earnings: high confidence", "median_wage_sample": "INE Chile (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas) Encuesta Suplementaria de Ingresos: median monthly earnings full-time formal workers ~CLP 750,000 gross.", "corroborating_url": "https://fair.work/en/ratings/chile/", "corroborating_label": "Fairwork Chile 2024 ratings page (PedidosYa, Rappi, Uber Eats, Cornershop)", "confidence_rationale": "Pending live-verification. The source URLs have not yet been fetched and archived in this round; the city will return to a HIGH classification once that is done. Original rationale: Fairwork Chile 2024 Ratings (\"Labour Standards in the Platform Economy\") in published reports list at fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/. Plus Fairwork Chile 2021 (older). Multi-source CL corroboration: cursando.cl + recursoseducativos.cl + emmamobility.cl. CLP 5,000/hr × $0.00104 = $5.20.", "confidence_tier": "fairwork", "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-25", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-25", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225302/https://fair.work/en/ratings/chile/", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430063620/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Santiago", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430054500/https://fair.work/en/fw/fairwork-reports/", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502042211/https://www.ine.gob.cl/estadisticas-por-tema/mercado-laboral" }, "notes": "Chile minimum wage CLP 510,636/month (2026). Most developed gig market in South America; PedidosYa (Delivery Hero) and Rappi dominate.", "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.379, "hours_for_rent": 105.4, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.279, "vs_median_pct": 0.918 }, "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.275, "housing_reach": 0.775, "vs_min_wage": 0.714, "vs_median": 1 }, "local_currency": { "code": "CLP", "usd_per_unit": 0.00104 } }, { "id": "austin-us", "city": "Austin", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 30.2672, "lng": -97.7431, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.336, "housing_reach": 0.476, "vs_min_wage": 0.772, "vs_median": 0.571 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 14, "net_hourly_usd": 10.08, "source": "BLS OES + market estimate", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 14, "net_hourly_local": 10.08 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 7.25, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 24.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 7.25, "median_wage_hourly_local": 24.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 20, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2117.65, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1413.44, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.74, "data_1gb_usd": 5.83, "beer_usd": 7, "movie_usd": 15, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 2117.65, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1413.44, "fuel_1l_local": 0.74, "data_1gb_local": 5.83 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.504, "hours_for_rent": 210.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.931, "vs_median_pct": 0.571, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Austin", "numbeo_last_update": "28 March 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 124, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12420.htm", "earnings_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_sample": "Texas has no state minimum wage — federal $7.25 applies. No city minimum wage in Austin. Multi-platform delivery (Uber Eats, DoorDash, Grubhub) — typical Austin driver earnings $12-16/hr blended, with our $14/hr reflecting market-median estimate. No tier-1/2 Texas-specific source publishes gig delivery hourly rates.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12420.htm", "data_verification": "Round F+ 2026-04-29: Numbeo cost-of-living values fetched live from numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Austin during Round F+ verification session. Replaces prior estimated placeholder values.", "numbeo_entries": 1074, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_rationale": "MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round F) — newly added. Texas has no gig-delivery-specific labor protections and no state regulator publishing hourly rates. Earnings figure is a market-median estimate based on national platform aggregator data (Gridwise, ShiftTracker) calibrated for Texas market conditions. To promote to HIGH: need a tier-1/2 Texas-specific source for delivery driver hourly earnings.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_tier": "market_estimate", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225519/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429224649/https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225519/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502042359/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Austin" }, "notes": "Texas has no state minimum wage. Austin city ordinance allows $15/hr for city employees but not private-sector floor.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "denver-us", "city": "Denver", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 39.7392, "lng": -104.9903, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.408, "housing_reach": 0.588, "vs_min_wage": 0.352, "vs_median": 0.654 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 17, "net_hourly_usd": 12.24, "source": "BLS OES + market estimate", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 17, "net_hourly_local": 12.24 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 19.29, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 26, "min_wage_hourly_local": 19.29, "median_wage_hourly_local": 26 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 20, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2081.59, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1666.46, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.85, "data_1gb_usd": 7.38, "beer_usd": 7, "movie_usd": 15, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 2081.59, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1666.46, "fuel_1l_local": 0.85, "data_1gb_local": 7.38 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.612, "hours_for_rent": 170.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.881, "vs_median_pct": 0.654, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Denver", "numbeo_last_update": "6 April 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 107, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_19740.htm", "earnings_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_sample": "Denver city minimum wage is $19.29/hr (effective Jan 1, 2026), one of the highest local rates in the US. Colorado state minimum is $15.16. Multi-platform delivery — typical Denver driver earnings $15-19/hr blended, with our $17/hr reflecting market-median estimate. Denver's high minimum wage doesn't apply to gig contractors but creates upward pressure on competing employment.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Auditors-Office/Denver-Labor", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_19740.htm", "data_verification": "Round F+ 2026-04-29: Numbeo cost-of-living values fetched live from numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Denver during Round F+ verification session. Replaces prior estimated placeholder values.", "numbeo_entries": 848, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_rationale": "MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round F) — newly added. Denver city minimum wage is high but doesn't directly apply to gig delivery contractors. Earnings figure is a market-median estimate based on national platform aggregator data calibrated for Denver market. To promote to HIGH: need a Colorado-specific tier-1/2 source for gig delivery hourly earnings.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_tier": "market_estimate", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429225854/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430061154/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Denver", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430061413/https://www.denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Auditors-Office/Denver-Labor", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430064344/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm" }, "notes": "Denver has the 4th highest US local minimum wage at $19.29/hr (2026).", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "minneapolis-us", "city": "Minneapolis", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 44.9778, "lng": -93.265, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.36, "housing_reach": 0.617, "vs_min_wage": 0.376, "vs_median": 0.588 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 15, "net_hourly_usd": 10.8, "source": "BLS OES + market estimate", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 15, "net_hourly_local": 10.8 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 15.97, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 25.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 15.97, "median_wage_hourly_local": 25.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 20, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1750.79, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1251.88, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.83, "data_1gb_usd": 5.54, "beer_usd": 6, "movie_usd": 16, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 1750.79, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1251.88, "fuel_1l_local": 0.83, "data_1gb_local": 5.54 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.54, "hours_for_rent": 162.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 0.939, "vs_median_pct": 0.588, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Minneapolis", "numbeo_last_update": "18 March 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 64, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_33460.htm", "earnings_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_sample": "Minneapolis city minimum wage is $15.97/hr (effective Jan 1, 2026, large employers); Minnesota state minimum is $11.41. Multi-platform delivery — typical Minneapolis driver earnings $13-17/hr blended, with our $15/hr reflecting market-median estimate. Note: Minneapolis enacted a rideshare driver minimum pay ordinance ($1.40/min plus $0.51/min) in 2024 — applies to Uber/Lyft passenger transport, NOT food delivery.", "min_wage_url": "https://www2.minneapolismn.gov/business-services/licenses-permits-inspections/labor-standards/minimum-wage-ordinance/", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_33460.htm", "data_verification": "Round F+ 2026-04-29: Numbeo cost-of-living values fetched live from numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Minneapolis during Round F+ verification session. Replaces prior estimated placeholder values.", "numbeo_entries": 746, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_rationale": "MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round F) — newly added. Minneapolis has rideshare protections (Uber/Lyft passenger only) but no equivalent for food delivery. Earnings figure is a market-median estimate. To promote to HIGH: would need extension of city ordinance to food delivery, or a tier-1/2 Minnesota-specific delivery source.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_tier": "market_estimate", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429230222/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430062003/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502042359/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Minneapolis" }, "notes": "Minneapolis has a rideshare driver minimum pay ordinance for Uber/Lyft passenger transport. Food delivery is not currently covered.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "portland-us", "city": "Portland", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 45.5152, "lng": -122.6784, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.349, "housing_reach": 0.558, "vs_min_wage": 0.414, "vs_median": 0.615 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 16, "net_hourly_usd": 11.52, "source": "BLS OES + market estimate", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 16, "net_hourly_local": 11.52 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 15.45, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 26, "min_wage_hourly_local": 15.45, "median_wage_hourly_local": 26 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 22, "rent_1br_center_usd": 2063.32, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1638.41, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.07, "data_1gb_usd": 7.12, "beer_usd": 7, "movie_usd": 13, "meal_local": 22, "rent_1br_center_local": 2063.32, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1638.41, "fuel_1l_local": 1.07, "data_1gb_local": 7.12 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.524, "hours_for_rent": 179.1, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.036, "vs_median_pct": 0.615, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Portland", "numbeo_last_update": "22 March 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 103, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_38900.htm", "earnings_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_sample": "Portland Metro Area minimum wage is $15.45/hr (Oregon BOLI tiered structure: Portland Metro highest, then standard $14.20, then nonurban $13.20). Multi-platform delivery — typical Portland driver earnings $14-18/hr blended, with our $16/hr reflecting market-median estimate. Oregon's tip-credit prohibition means delivery workers receive full wage plus tips.", "min_wage_url": "https://www.oregon.gov/boli/workers/Pages/minimum-wage.aspx", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_38900.htm", "data_verification": "Round F+ 2026-04-29: Numbeo cost-of-living values fetched live from numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Portland during Round F+ verification session. Replaces prior estimated placeholder values.", "numbeo_entries": 807, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_rationale": "MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round F) — newly added. Oregon has strong wage protections but no gig-delivery-specific minimum. Earnings figure is a market-median estimate. To promote to HIGH: need an Oregon BOLI publication including gig delivery, or a Fairwork-style independent rating.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_tier": "market_estimate", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429230340/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Portland", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429230338/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430062156/https://www.oregon.gov/boli/workers/Pages/minimum-wage.aspx", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430062508/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm" }, "notes": "Oregon's minimum wage is tiered by region: Portland Metro $15.45, Standard $14.20, Nonurban $13.20.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } }, { "id": "sandiego-us", "city": "San Diego", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 32.7157, "lng": -117.1611, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.417, "housing_reach": 0.482, "vs_min_wage": 0.48, "vs_median": 0.789 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 21.3, "net_hourly_usd": 15.34, "source": "BLS OES + market estimate", "confidence": "high", "gross_hourly_local": 21.3, "net_hourly_local": 15.34 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 17.75, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 27, "min_wage_hourly_local": 17.75, "median_wage_hourly_local": 27 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 24.5, "rent_1br_center_usd": 3182.94, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 2770, "fuel_1l_usd": 1.24, "data_1gb_usd": 7.32, "beer_usd": 8, "movie_usd": 16, "meal_local": 24.5, "rent_1br_center_local": 3182.94, "rent_1br_outside_local": 2770, "fuel_1l_local": 1.24, "data_1gb_local": 7.32 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.626, "hours_for_rent": 207.5, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.2, "vs_median_pct": 0.789, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/San-Diego", "numbeo_last_update": "5 March 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 98, "earnings_url": "https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2025-10/2025-10-6-city-of-san-diego-hourly-minimum-wage-will-increase-to-17.75-effective-jan-1-2026.pdf", "earnings_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_sample": "San Diego city minimum wage is $17.75/hr effective January 1, 2026 per City of San Diego Office of Labor Standards and Enforcement (sandiego.gov primary source). California Proposition 22 mandates 120% × local minimum at pickup location for delivery contractors: $17.75 × 1.20 = $21.30/hr engaged-time floor. Same Prop 22 mechanism as LA and SF. Multi-platform delivery (Uber Eats, DoorDash, Grubhub).", "min_wage_url": "https://www.sandiego.gov/labor-and-wage", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_41740.htm", "data_verification": "Round F+ 2026-04-29: sandiego.gov primary source confirmed $17.75/hr city minimum wage; Round F+ 2026-04-29: Numbeo cost-of-living values fetched live from numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/San-Diego during Round F+ verification session. Replaces prior estimated placeholder values.", "numbeo_entries": 761, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_rationale": "PROMOTED to HIGH 2026-04-29 (Round F+): Tier-1 source (sandiego.gov primary PDF). City of San Diego minimum wage of $17.75/hr verified directly against the City's announcement at sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2025-10/2025-10-6-city-of-san-diego-hourly-minimum-wage-will-increase-to-17.75-effective-jan-1-2026.pdf. Multiple corroborations (sandiego.gov/labor-and-wage, sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2025-01/mwo-notice-english.pdf, City of San Diego October 6, 2025 press release). Prop 22 mechanism applies as for LA/SF. Same engaged-time-vs-actual caveat: this is the legal floor, not actual full-shift earnings (UC Berkeley 2024: CA delivery drivers actual median $4.98-$11.43/hr after expenses).", "corroborating_url": "https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/minimum_wage.htm", "corroborating_label": "California DIR (Prop 22 mechanism applies statewide)", "confidence_tier": "gov_mandate", "urls_verified": true, "urls_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429231045/https://www.sandiego.gov/labor-and-wage", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430042613/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/San-Diego", "median_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430042751/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "corroborating_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430042924/https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/minimum_wage.htm", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260502032212/https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2025-10/2025-10-6-city-of-san-diego-hourly-minimum-wage-will-increase-to-17.75-effective-jan-1-2026.pdf" }, "notes": "Same Prop 22 caveats as LA/SF: this is the engaged-time legal floor, not actual full-shift earnings. UC Berkeley 2024 study found CA delivery drivers actual median was $4.98-$11.43/hr after expenses. San Diego city min wage rises annually by CPI (auto-adjustment, no City Council vote required).", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 }, "headline_label": "Prop 22 engaged-time floor (derived)" }, { "id": "philadelphia-us", "city": "Philadelphia", "country": "United States", "region": "North America", "iso2": "US", "lat": 39.9526, "lng": -75.1652, "currency": "USD", "flag": "🇺🇸", "sub_scores": { "purchasing_power": 0.312, "housing_reach": 0.487, "vs_min_wage": 0.717, "vs_median": 0.531 }, "earnings": { "gross_hourly_usd": 13, "net_hourly_usd": 9.36, "source": "BLS OES + market estimate", "confidence": "medium", "gross_hourly_local": 13, "net_hourly_local": 9.36 }, "wages": { "min_wage_hourly_usd": 7.25, "median_wage_hourly_usd": 24.5, "min_wage_hourly_local": 7.25, "median_wage_hourly_local": 24.5 }, "costs": { "meal_usd": 20, "rent_1br_center_usd": 1922.27, "rent_1br_outside_usd": 1324.16, "fuel_1l_usd": 0.85, "data_1gb_usd": 6.48, "beer_usd": 6, "movie_usd": 15, "meal_local": 20, "rent_1br_center_local": 1922.27, "rent_1br_outside_local": 1324.16, "fuel_1l_local": 0.85, "data_1gb_local": 6.48 }, "metrics": { "meals_per_hour": 0.468, "hours_for_rent": 205.4, "vs_min_wage_pct": 1.793, "vs_median_pct": 0.531, "census_renter_cost_burden_pct": null }, "sources": { "numbeo_url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Philadelphia", "numbeo_last_update": "16 March 2026", "numbeo_contributors": 90, "earnings_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_37980.htm", "earnings_date": "2026-04-29", "earnings_sample": "Pennsylvania has no state minimum wage above federal $7.25 (one of only 20 states still at federal level). Philadelphia has no city minimum wage for private employers. Multi-platform delivery — typical Philadelphia driver earnings $11-15/hr blended, with our $13/hr reflecting market-median estimate. Lower wage floor than other major Northeast cities (NYC $22.13, Boston $15 state min).", "min_wage_url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state", "median_wage_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_37980.htm", "data_verification": "Round F+ 2026-04-29: Numbeo cost-of-living values fetched live from numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Philadelphia during Round F+ verification session. Replaces prior estimated placeholder values.", "numbeo_entries": 744, "earnings_verified_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_assigned_date": "2026-04-29", "confidence_rationale": "MEDIUM 2026-04-29 (Round F) — newly added. Pennsylvania remains at federal minimum and has no gig-delivery-specific protections. Earnings figure is a market-median estimate based on national platform aggregator data. To promote to HIGH: need a Pennsylvania-specific tier-1/2 source for gig delivery hourly earnings.", "corroborating_url": null, "corroborating_label": null, "confidence_tier": "market_estimate", "urls_verified": false, "urls_verified_date": null, "numbeo_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429233122/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Philadelphia", "earnings_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260429230710/https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm", "census_renter_cost_burden_url": null, "min_wage_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260430061631/https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state" }, "notes": "Pennsylvania uses the federal minimum wage of $7.25/hr — one of 20 states still at the federal level.", "local_currency": { "code": "USD", "usd_per_unit": 1 } } ] }